Equine Viral Arteritis in a Newborn Foal: Parallel Detection of the Virus by Immunohistochemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Virus Isolation

Szeredi, Levente; Hornyák, Ákos; Jankovics, I.; Rusvai, Miklós

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00684.x

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results are presented in Table 3. The presence of the EAV antigen in different organs was also confirmed by PLA (Szeredi et al, 2003b). Scoring of viral nucleic acid content amplified by PCR: (+) weak positive PCR; (++) medium positive PCR; (+++) strong positive PCR; (-) negative PCR Table 3 Distribution of EAV in different organs of an aborted and a newborn foal as detected by virus isolation and PCR In total, from the 248 abortion cases (collected from 31 multiple abortions and 217 individual abortions) EHV1 was detected in 26 and EAV in 4 foals (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…EAV could not be isolated from two samples that had been found positive prior to freezing by virus isolation using semisolid medium containing CMC. One of the two previously positive samples originated from a fetus aborted in an abortion storm (Hornyák et al, 2001), while the other was obtained from a foal that had died of acute, generalised EVA on the fourth day after birth (Szeredi et al, 2003b). Organ samples were taken from the suspected predilection sites of EAV multiplication (lungs, spleen, kidney and liver) and were tested separately by RT-PCR and virus isolation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation techniques for the detection of viruses in aborted and newborn foals

Hornyák¹,

Bakonyi²,

Kulik³

et al. 2006

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The occurrence of two important pathogens, equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) causing abortions, perinatal foal mortality and respiratory disease, was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation to demonstrate the presence of abortigenic viruses in samples from 248 horse fetuses in Hungary. We found 26 EHV1-and 4 EAV-positive aborted or prematurely born foals from 16 and 4 outbreaks, respectively, proving that despite the widely applied vaccination, EHV1 is a far more important cause of abortions in the studs than EAV. We compared the virus content of different organs of the fetuses by PCR and isolation to identify the organ most suitable for virus demonstration. Our investigations indicate that the quantity of both viruses is highest in the lungs; therefore, according to our observations, in positive cases the probability of detection is highest from lung samples of aborted or newborn foals. Both the PCR and the virus isolation results revealed that the liver, though widely used, is not the best organ to sample either for EHV1 or for EAV detection. From the analysis of the epidemiological data, we tried to estimate the importance of the two viruses in the Hungarian horse population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation techniques for the detection of viruses in aborted and newborn foals

Hornyák¹,

Bakonyi²,

Kulik³

et al. 2006

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Eight of these were detected in semen (H1S, H16S, H19S, H147S, H197S, H216S, H253S and H269S), two in foetal tissue samples (H19F, H20F) and one in a newborn foal (H73N). Earlier we published about the detection of this H73N assigned EAV (Szeredi et al., 2003). This indicates that the viruses in semen and foetal samples are basically similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Novel Subgroup among Genotypes of Equine Arteritis Virus: Genetic Comparison of 40 Strains

Hornyák

Bakonyi

Tekes

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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The authors determined partial nucleic sequences of the variable regions of open-reading frame (ORF5) from 151 nucleotide to 668 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of 518 nucleotide respectively of 20 equine arteritis virus (EAV) isolates. About 19 Hungarian and one Austrian EAV strains were subjected to sequence analysis, the further data of 20 EAV strains: six North American and 14 European were obtained from the GenBank. Comparative sequence analysis of the Hungarian EAV strains indicated that among the three variable regions the first has been affected mostly by point mutations. Genetic comparison of the Hungarian strains with other EAV isolates from western Europe and North America (including the Bucyrus reference strain) has been performed on the aforementioned genome region. Besides the already known genetic subgroups of EAV; phylogenetic analysis revealed a novel subgroup comprising mainly Hungarian strains. Compared with the Bucyrus virus, the overall sequence divergencies of the examined Hungarian strains ranged from 81.47 to 90.73% at nucleotide and from 84.88 to 91.86% at amino acid level. Epizootiological studies have shown that the significant part of the EAV strains having been existed in Hungary before and in 2000 belong to this unique cluster (II.D) which was not indicated in former phylogenetic studies. After 2000 new EAV strains emerged in Hungary, one of them causing abortions or neonatal death. The previously dominant 'Hungarian' EAV genotypes were replaced by these new strains belonging to North American and European subgroups (I.A, I.B, II.A, II.B). The anamnesis of these cases revealed connections with persistent virus shedder stallions, those were imported to the country after 2000 or have been infected abroad. One of these Hungarian stallions became the source of abortion storms in Hungarian studs.

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“…The five-micrometer sections were mounted on glass slides and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), Giemsa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Brown-Brenn stain, Warthin-Starry silver stain and Gömöri's methenaminesilver stain. Immunohistochemical examination of the allantochorion and the fetal organs was performed for the detection of equine arteritis virus (Szeredi et al, 2003a), equine herpesvirus type 1 (Szeredi et al, 2003b), Chlamydia, Toxoplasma gondii (Szeredi and Bacsadi, 2002), Leptospira (Szeredi, 2005), Neospora caninum (Corbellini et al, 2001) and E. cuniculi (Guscetti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of equine abortion caused by Encephalitozoon sp.

Szeredi

Pospischil

Dencső

et al. 2007

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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A Lippizan mare aborted a male fetus a few days before the expected foaling date without showing any clinical sings. Focal lympho-histiocytic hepatitis in the foal and multiplex focal lympho-histiocytic villitis accompanied by villus necroses and marked hypertrophy of chorionic epithelial cells in the arcades were observed. Elongated nucleated organisms were seen in groups in vacuoles or solitarily located in the cytoplasm of the chorionic epithelial cells. The organisms were in large numbers and often extracellularly in areas of villitis and villus necroses. They were Gram-positive, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Giemsa, weakly with Warthin-Starry silver stain but not with Gömöri's methenamine-silver stain. By ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examinations, the organisms were identified as microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon. No Encephalitozoon organisms were detected in the fetal organs. This is the first reported case of equine abortion induced by Encephalitozoon sp. in Europe. Although abortion induced by Encephalitozoon is rare, microsporidia should be considered a differential diagnosis for intracellular organisms observed in the chorionic epithelial cells of horses.

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Equine Viral Arteritis in a Newborn Foal: Parallel Detection of the Virus by Immunohistochemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Virus Isolation

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Application of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation techniques for the detection of viruses in aborted and newborn foals

Application of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation techniques for the detection of viruses in aborted and newborn foals

A Novel Subgroup among Genotypes of Equine Arteritis Virus: Genetic Comparison of 40 Strains

A case of equine abortion caused by Encephalitozoon sp.

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