Equipment Note A sport-specific training and testing device for racing cyclists

Firth, M. S.

doi:10.1080/00140138108924877

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The functional performance characteristics of the road squad riders were assessed during warm-up and maximal exercise conditions, using a recently developed ergometry system (Firth, 1981), which incorporated a "Racermate" wind load simulator (IRB [Import and Export] Limited) fitted to each rider's own road racing cycle, mounted upon a set of steel cycle training rollers, Fig. 1.…”

Section: B Specific Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.

White¹,

Quinn²,

Al-Dawalibi³

et al. 1982

Br J Sports Med

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British Olympic road squad cyclists were monitored during the 1980 racing season to evaluate training for the Moscow Games. Riders demonstrated reductions in body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p > .05). Graded exercise, using a "Racermate" wind load simulator/racing cycle ergometer system, showed reduced cardiovascular demands to warm-up exercise, and increased cardiovascular index, V02 maximum, aerobic/anaerobic threshold shifts during maximal exercise (NS), with no changes in gearing, equivalent road speed, absolute/relative power output and leg power.Compared with "non-select", "select" riders demonstrated lower body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p > .05), higher Hb and PCV % (p > .05) and elevated neuroticism and extraversion (p > .05). Furthermore, "select" riders demonstrated lower HR and CV index during warm-up exercise (p > .05), and elevated CV index, V02 maximum, aerobic/anaerobic thresholds during maximal exercise (p > .05), resulting from higher gearing, equivalent road speed and absolute/relative power output (p> .05).

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Section: B Specific Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of absolute (m.kg.min-1 ) as well as relative (m.kg.min' .kg' ) power outputs were derived from gearing ratios and pedalling frequencies, along with estimates of equivalent road speeds, using data used to calibrate the "Racermate" wind load simulator (Firth, 1981).…”

Section: Mechanical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.

White¹,

Quinn²,

Al-Dawalibi³

et al. 1982

Br J Sports Med

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show abstract

“…The experimental protocol consisted of a standardized warm-up which involved 5 min exercise upon a recently developed racing bicyle ergometry system (Firth, 1981;Merrill, 1983) at a self-selected pedal rate and gearing ratio designed to elicit a heart rate of 120 beats min" 1 . Then each subject undertook a series of constant unloaded and loaded exercise bouts at low (70.0+1.1 rev.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological efficiency of constant power output at varying pedal rates

Merrill¹,

White

1984

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The study investigated the absolute and relative (% maximal) physiological demands of constant power output at three pedal rates chosen to incorporate the range used by racing cyclists. Following the assessment of maximal exercise capabilities utilizing a recently developed racing cycle ergometry system, ten highly trained racing cyclists undertook a randomized sequence of work bouts at low (70.0 ± 1.1), medium (94.8 ± 0.8) and high (126.5 ± 1.1) pedal rates per minute at constant power output under an unloaded (free wheel) condition and under a loaded (196.2 ± 8.0 W) condition which demanded approximately 75% VO 2 max. In both the unloaded and loaded conditions absolute cardiorespiratory demands of work at the highest pedal rate were significantly higher than those at the low and medium pedal rates (P<0.05). Similarly, the relative (% max) cardiorespiratory demands of unloaded work at the highest pedalling rate were significantly greater that at low and medium pedal rates (P < 0.05). There were clear, but nonsignificant trends of elevated relative cardiorespiratory demands during loaded work at the highest pedal rate, compared with low and medium pedal rates. Furthermore, net muscular efficiency demonstrated a significant decline (P<0.01) at the highest pedalling rate (21.2%) compared with the medium (24.0%) and low (25.6%) pedalling rates, confirming that metabolic economy of constant power output declined with increased pedalling rate under simulated racing cycling conditions.

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“…The data, which were collected using standardised human performance laboratory techniques, are typical of elite highly-trained endurance performance athletes who characteristically show low body fat content, enhanced lung function, a normal haematological profile and an enhanced capacity for (Firth, 1981) and a graded exercise protocol based on each subject's variable gearing ratio, with a two minute incremental stepped increase in gear size at a constant pedal speed of 90 rpm until standardised maximal respiratory (V02 max) criteria had been achieved (White et al, 1982).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method selected for simulating the exercise demand of road race cycling utilised a recently-developed ergometry system (Firth, 1981) which incorporated each subject's own road racing cycle, fitted with a "Racermate" wind load simulator mounted upon a set of steel cycle training rollers which has been described elsewhere (White et al, 1982).…”

Section: Ergometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydration and electrolyte maintenance properties of an experimental sports drink.

White¹,

Ford²

1983

Br J Sports Med

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Seven highly trained subjects underwent exercise dehydration without fluid replacement (X), resulting in approximately 1.9% and approximately 3.5% body weight (fluid) losses at one and two hours, respectively. Subsequently, subjects underwent two identical exercise trials with isovolumetric fluid replacement of water (W) and an experimental formulation (Q). An anti-dehydration schedule was initiated prior to, and continued throughout the exercise, with W and Q supplied every 15 minutes at 16 degrees C in volumes related to each subject's fluid loss estimate derived from trial X. A rehydration schedule was maintained for two hours of recovery, with total fluid replacement equivalent to the body weight decrement due to fluid losses. In both W and Q trials, selected physiological indices of work performance were maintained closer to homeostatic levels during exercise, with a more rapid return to pre-exercise resting levels during recovery than during that trial X. Furthermore, W and Q were equally effective in preventing plasma volume changes during exercise and restoration to pre-exercise levels during recovery, as well as in preventing plasma osmolality disturbances during exercise and recovery, although minimal plasma electrolyte changes were associated with Q.

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Equipment Note A sport-specific training and testing device for racing cyclists

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.

Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.

Physiological efficiency of constant power output at varying pedal rates

The hydration and electrolyte maintenance properties of an experimental sports drink.

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