Equitability of Individual and Population Interventions to Reduce Obesity: A Modeling Study in Mexico

Vidaña-Pérez, Dèsirée; Braverman-Bronstein, Ariela; Zepeda-Tello, Rodrigo; Camacho-García-Formentí, Dalia; Colchero, M. Arantxa; Rivera‐Dommarco, Juan; Popkin, Barry M.; Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, Tonatiuh

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.033

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This is supported by other reviews – albeit excluded from our final sample – that showed that taxes reduce health inequalities and, while they may be regressive, are often more cost‐effective for lower than for higher socioeconomic groups when considering avoided healthcare expenditure or improved health 8,18,77 . Much of this evidence came from modeling studies (which often fail to account for substitution effects) highlighting the relative paucity of detailed real world analyses on the impact of FPs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…This is supported by other reviewsalbeit excluded from our final samplethat showed that taxes reduce health inequalities and, while they may be regressive, are often more cost-effective for lower than for higher socioeconomic groups when considering avoided healthcare expenditure or improved health. 8,18,77 Much of this evidence came from modeling studies (which often fail to account for substitution effects) highlighting the relative paucity of detailed real world analyses on the impact of FPs. Although modeling studies have a greater risk of bias, they can also model higher tax rates than those actually implemented by governments given that these are usually met with opposition from affected groups, such as manufacturers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An umbrella review of the effectiveness of fiscal and pricing policies on food and non‐alcoholic beverages to improve health

et al. 2023

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Summary Poor quality diets represent major risk factors for the global burden of disease. Modeling studies indicate a potential for diet‐related fiscal and pricing policies (FPs) to improve health. There is real‐world evidence (RWE) that such policies can change behavior; however, the evidence regarding health is less clear. We conducted an umbrella review of the effectiveness of FPs on food and non‐alcoholic beverages in influencing health or intermediate outcomes like consumption. We considered FPs applied to an entire population within a jurisdiction and included four systematic reviews in our final sample. Quality appraisal, an examination of excluded reviews, and a literature review of recent primary studies assessed the robustness of our results. Taxes and, to some extent, subsidies are effective in changing consumption of taxed/subsidized items; however, substitution is likely to occur. There is a lack of RWE supporting the effectiveness of FPs in improving health but this does not mean that they are ineffective. FPs may be important for improving health but their design is critical. Poorly designed FPs may fail to improve health and could reduce support for such policies or be used to support their repeal. More high‐quality RWE on the impact of FPs on health is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An umbrella review of the effectiveness of fiscal and pricing policies on food and non‐alcoholic beverages to improve health

et al. 2023

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“…This comparison highlights the need to update all available measures, for example by increasing taxes, and to implement a comprehensive package of interventions to help reduce the caloric intake. Individual-level interventions will also be required to target specific subpopulations already experiencing obesity or at higher risk of significant weight gain [ 44 ]. Chile implemented a nationwide package of interventions that consisted of taxes and marketing restrictions linked to front-of-pack labels that produce significant reformulation and changes in consumption, leading to a reduction of approximately 49.4 kcal/person/day [ 45 ]; this model of intervention could be useful for Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric reductions needed to achieve obesity goals in Mexico for 2030 and 2040: A modeling study

et al. 2023

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Background In Mexico, obesity prevalence among adults increased from 23% in 2000 to 36% in 2018, approximately. Mexico has not defined short- or long-term obesity goals, obscuring the level of effort required to achieve a relevant impact. We aimed to explore potential obesity goals for 2030 and 2040 in Mexico and to estimate the required caloric reductions to achieve them. Methods and findings We obtained anthropometric and demographic information on the Mexican adult population (age ≥20 years) from the Health and Nutrition Surveys conducted in 2000, 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018 (n = 137,907). Each survey wave is cross-sectional, multistage, and representative of the Mexican population at the national, regional, and urban/rural levels. Obesity prevalence was projected for 2030 and 2040 by combining population projections of energy intake by socioeconomic status (SES) with a weight-change microsimulation model taking into account individual-level information on sex, age, physical activity, and initial body weight and height. If current trends continue, Mexico’s obesity prevalence is expected to increase from 36% (95% CI 35% to 37%) in 2018 to 45% (uncertainty interval [UI] 41% to 48%) in 2030 and to 48% (UI 41% to 55%) in 2040. Based on expert opinion, we identified 3 obesity goals scenarios: (1) plausible (38% in 2030 and 36% in 2040); (2) intermediate (33% in 2030 and 29% in 2040); and (3) ideal based on the average prevalence of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (OECD; 19%). We estimated the caloric reductions needed to achieve the goal scenarios using the microsimulation model. Obesity was projected to increase more rapidly in the low SES (around 34% in 2018 to 48% (UI 41% to 55%) in 2040), than in the middle (around 38% to 52% (UI 45% to 56%)), or high SES group (around 36% to 45% (UI 36% to 54%)). Caloric reductions of 40 (UI 13 to 60), 75 (UI 49 to 95), and 190 (UI 163 to 215) kcal/person/day would be needed to reach the plausible, intermediate, and the ideal (OECD) average scenarios for 2030, respectively. To reach the 2040 goals, caloric reductions of 74 (UI 28 to 114), 124 (UI 78 to 169), and 209 (UI 163 to 254) kcal/person/day would be required, respectively. Study limitations include assuming a constant and sedentary physical activity level, not considering cohort-specific differences that could occur in the future, and assuming the same caloric trends under no intervention and the obesity goal scenarios. Conclusions To reach the 3 obesity goals in 2040, caloric reductions between 74 and 209 kcal/day/person would be needed in Mexico. A package of new and stronger interventions should be added to existing efforts such as food taxes and warning labels on non-nutritious food.

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“…The feasibility results obtained in this pilot online intervention can serve as a basis for more extensive and longer clinical trials and design clinical or research programs for diverse populations' health. Vidaña-Pérez et al (2022) expose the importance of individual dietary interventions that help directly treat people at risk of obesity and CVD, but also population interventions that will act on the population as a whole, reducing and preventing overweight. However, it is recognized that this is a demanding task since to control the current obesity epidemic, it is necessary to consider additional interventions with an emphasis on formulating policies that regulate the obesogenic environment surrounding us.…”

Section: Young Adults and Teenagers Could Be A Target Population For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Online nutritional counseling and assessment

Pérez-Beltrán,

González- Becerra,

Rivera-Iñiguez

et al. 2023

Rev Esp Comun Salud

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Introduction: Care and attention to people’s health is an objective of professionals in this area. Comprehensive strategies are being sought to reduce the alarming prevalence of obesity in populations around the world, coupled with the restructuring of the health system that came as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, different tools, such as online nutrition counseling, have been incorporated to embrace the needs and provide a service in favor of the population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of online nutrition counseling on anthropometric parameters of overweight and obese adults. Methodology: Thirty individuals were enrolled in an online nutritional intervention and followed a weight control diet for 8 weeks. Every 15 days, the participants received nutritional counseling through virtual platforms. Anthropometric parameters were evaluated at the beginning, middle and end of the intervention, the physical activity performed by the participants was calculated, and an emotional eating questionnaire was applied. Results: Significant changes were observed in baseline versus final anthropometric parameters. 30% of participants reported an increase in the physical activity performed, and 31% indicated improvements in the influence of emotions on their eating habits. Conclusion: Online nutrition counseling is a feasible and reliable strategy to provide and receive nutritional care remotely.

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Equitability of Individual and Population Interventions to Reduce Obesity: A Modeling Study in Mexico

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

An umbrella review of the effectiveness of fiscal and pricing policies on food and non‐alcoholic beverages to improve health

An umbrella review of the effectiveness of fiscal and pricing policies on food and non‐alcoholic beverages to improve health

Caloric reductions needed to achieve obesity goals in Mexico for 2030 and 2040: A modeling study

Online nutritional counseling and assessment

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