Equivalencia y valor en procesos de  reciprocidad e intercambio entre los mapuches

Angulo, Julio César Tereucán; Briceño-Olivera, Claudio; Gálvez-Nieto, José Luis

doi:10.29101/crcs.v0i72.4136

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This energy does not originate by itself but in connection with the elements-water, fire, earth and air-and the kimün-the knowledge, discernment, thought, values, attitudes and tools necessary to communicate with everything that exists in nature [88]. This is closely related to the principle of reciprocity, which refers to a commitment and a responsibility maintained through a relationship between the Mapuche people and nature based on mutual help [89] and oriented towards the greater good [90]. This is reflected in the fact that nature grants food, protection and knowledge to the Mapuche people [10,91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Extractivism and Environmental Pollution in Mapuche Territories of the Araucania Region

Beltrán-Véliz

Gálvez-Nieto

Angulo

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Chile is facing an environmental crisis and the territory of the Mapuche people is no exception. This is largely due to extractivism, which refers to the massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources in an indiscriminate manner. The objective of this study was to reveal the implications of extractivism and environmental pollution in Mapuche territories in the Araucanía region. The methodology used was qualitative, based on constructivist grounded theory. In-depth interviews and participant observation were used to collect data. The participants were 46 kimeltuchefes. The main results revealed extensive monocultures of non-native trees: pine and eucalyptus, which consume large amounts of water. They also revealed environmental pollution and indiscriminate forestry extractivism related to these trees, which generate soil degradation and water pollution. These consequences reduce biodiversity and disturb the ngenh (spiritual beings and protectors of nature). They also affect the Mapuche’s agricultural activities and, in turn, their health and subsistence. In addition, non-native tree monocultures, environmental pollution and forestry extractivism transgress the az mapu (Mapuche code of ethics and behaviour), which disturbs the ethical, moral and spiritual relationship between the Mapuche and nature. They also have negative implications for the küme mogen (good living of the Mapuche), since they violate the balance and harmony between the Mapuche and all living beings, elements and spiritual beings that are part of nature. This also violates the reciprocity between the Mapuche and nature. It was concluded that there have been violations of the human rights of the Mapuche people, given that they are exposed to harmful environmental conditions that put their health and subsistence at considerable risk. In this sense, the Mapuche are experiencing a spiritual, physical, cognitive, attitudinal, affective and material imbalance. Ultimately, the state of Chile must generate intercultural environmental public and educational policies aimed at generating environmental awareness and creating actions to solve environmental problems in order to protect Mapuche and non-Mapuche territories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Extractivism and Environmental Pollution in Mapuche Territories of the Araucania Region

Beltrán-Véliz

Gálvez-Nieto

Angulo

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…However and taking into account that satisfaction with social participation was assessed in this study as participation in activities of daily living (Power et al, 2005), especially in the community, this represented a broader analysis of how older adults are carrying on their daily activities, many of which are related to maintaining their ethnic group through indigenous cultural practices, but study participants placed the greatest emphasis on keeping connected and active in their community. Co-construction and co-participation in the community – ayllu for the Aymara and lovche for the Mapuche – means being part of a system of economic, political, social and territorial organisation based on reciprocal relationships and cooperation in the different stages of the life cycle that facilitate the perpetuation of indigenous settlements (Romero -Toledo & Sambolín, 2019; Tereucán-Angulo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing in Context: An Ecological Model to Understand Social Participation Among Indigenous Adults in Chile

2022

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The social participation of older adults occupies a central position in international discourse regarding ageing, the ecological model makes it possible to examine and assess the different factors that influence the understanding of what encourages social participation by older adults. This study used the ecological model to analyse how personal, community and environmental factors are related to satisfaction with social participation among Chilean older adults, a majority of whom are indigenous, living in rural areas ( n = 800). The results confirmed that satisfaction with social participation was related to personal factors (feelings of depression, functioning into basic activities of daily living (ADL) and autonomy), community factors (perceived social support from social group) and environmental factors (accessibility of physical setting within the village). Our findings confirmed a high level of social participation among indigenous adults, with rural and indigenous surroundings appearing to be a factor that protects and promotes social integration.

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“…In this context, reciprocity is understood as the set of rules and obligations that give rise to an intricate pattern of giving, receiving, and giving back that regulates social and family relations. Similarly, reciprocity ontologically governs relationship with the natural, non-human world (Tereucán-Angulo et al, 2016). Specifically, respect towards non-humans ( ekuwün ) is manifested through care and consideration for domestic animals, the cultivation of vegetables, and the gathering of medicinal plants (Quintriqueo et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Learning Of Respect In the Mapuche Educational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…En este contexto, la reciprocidad es entendida como el conjunto de reglas y obligaciones que dan paso a un complejo patrón de dar, recibir y devolver que regula las relaciones sociales y familiares. De igual modo, la reciprocidad rige ontológicamente la relación con el mundo natural no humano (Tereucán-Angulo et al, 2016). Específicamente, el respeto hacia las formas no humanas de vida ( ekuwün ), se manifiesta a través del cuidado y consideración por los animales domésticos, el cultivo de hortalizas, y la recolección de plantas medicinales (Quintriqueo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Aprender Con Respeto: Un Valor De La Cultura Mapucheunclassified

Learning with respect: a Mapuche cultural value (Aprender con respeto: un valor de la cultura mapuche)

Boudon

Alarcón-Muñoz

Hidalgo

et al. 2022

Journal for the Study of Education and Development

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This article examines the value of respect, as demonstrated towards non-human living beings by a group of Mapuche girls in Southern Chile, while attending a rural school. This work is an ethnographic study based upon systematic observations of daily life within an educational space. An example is presented in which the practices of care and social interactions in a spontaneous activity during recess, which involves protecting an insect, are described. The findings demonstrate that the cultural value of respect underpins the activities performed by the girls. The presence of synchronous, collective organization, flexibly assembled and coordinated through non-verbal forms of communication was observed. The findings are discussed taking into account the LOPI model and the Mapuche educational model, reinforcing the ongoing repertoire of cultural practices learned inside of the family and community space. RESUMENEste artículo examina el valor del respeto demostrado hacia los seres vivos no humanos en las interacciones grupales de niñas mapuche de la zona sur de Chile, en una escuela rural. Este trabajo es un estudio de tipo etnográfico basado en observaciones sistemáticas de la vida cotidiana en el espacio escolar. Se presenta el ejemplo de un caso en el que se describen las prácticas de cuidado e interacción social en una actividad espontánea de protección de un insecto durante el periodo de un recreo. Los resultados muestran que el valor cultural del respeto sustenta las metas de las actividades desarrolladas por las niñas. Se observó la presencia de una organización colectiva sincrónica, ensamblada de manera flexible y coordinada mediante formas de comunicación no verbal. Los datos obtenidos se discuten a la luz de modelo LOPI y del modelo educativo mapuche reforzando la persistencia de un repertorio de prácticas culturales aprendidas en el espacio familiar-comunitario.

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Equivalencia y valor en procesos de reciprocidad e intercambio entre los mapuches

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Implications of Extractivism and Environmental Pollution in Mapuche Territories of the Araucania Region

Implications of Extractivism and Environmental Pollution in Mapuche Territories of the Araucania Region

Ageing in Context: An Ecological Model to Understand Social Participation Among Indigenous Adults in Chile

Learning with respect: a Mapuche cultural value (Aprender con respeto: un valor de la cultura mapuche)

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