Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping

Yoshida, Nozomu; Kobayashi, Satoshi; Suetomi, Iwao; Miura, Kiyotaka

doi:10.1016/s0267-7261(02)00011-8

Cited by 167 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…PGA is overestimated more than 1.5 times in SHAKE in many cases which agrees with the discussion in Ref. [4] and Figure 5. Figure 10 shows ratio of PGA in each soil profile.…”

Section: Equivalent Linear Vs Truly Nonlinearsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Since stress-strain relationships is a linear line passing the point A (γ eff , τ=Gγ eff ), maximum stress at γ=γ max (τ 1 at point C) is larger than the actual stress (τ 2 at point B), which overestimation of the maximum shear stress result in overestimation of the maximum acceleration (See section 6.2 on the mechanism). Figure 6 Underestimation of amplification at high frequencies [4] The second shortage is typically seen in Figure 6. Amplification is significantly underestimated at high frequency.…”

Section: Shakementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two shortages are known in SHAKE [4] in addition to the fact that it cannot express the accurate stress-strain behavior because it is produced by the complex moduli.…”

Section: Shakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The one is that comparison is made on very few number of case studies, usually one or two, in which case obtained conclusion can be accidental except that the mechanism is clearly explained such 10 -5 Linear method Figure 1 Change in soil properties with shear strain and corresponding modelling principle and method of response analysis [1] as ref. [4] which shows two shortages of SHAKE and solution against them. The second reason is that there is no common method to evaluate accuracy of the result of the seismic response analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Applicability of Total Stress Seismic Ground Response Analysis Under Large Earthquakes

Yoshida¹

2014

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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“…PGA is overestimated more than 1.5 times in SHAKE in many cases which agrees with the discussion in Ref. [4] and Figure 5. Figure 10 shows ratio of PGA in each soil profile.…”

Section: Equivalent Linear Vs Truly Nonlinearsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Shakementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two shortages are known in SHAKE [4] in addition to the fact that it cannot express the accurate stress-strain behavior because it is produced by the complex moduli.…”

Section: Shakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Applicability of Total Stress Seismic Ground Response Analysis Under Large Earthquakes

Yoshida¹

2014

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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show abstract

“…Artificia compared with similar simulation from literature [22]. One dimensional equivalent linear vertical wave propagation analysis is the widely used numerical procedure for modeling soil amplification problem [2,23] as discussed in the earlier section. In one dimensional wave propagation analysis, soil deposit is assumed to be having number of horizontal layers with different shear modulus (G), damping () and unit weight () as shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Site-specific Ground Response Analysis For Delhi Region-a Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Propagation of Stress Waves through Soil Medium for Ground Response Analysis

Kamatchi¹,

Ramana²,

Nagpal³

et al. 2013

ENG

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During past earthquakes, damages occurred to buildings located at soil sites are more compared to damages observed on buildings located at rock sites. Modelling wave propagation through soil medium helps to derive the primary and secondary wave velocities. Most of the time soil mediums are heterogeneous, layered and undergoes nonlinear strains even under weak excitation. The equivalent linear approximation with one dimensional wave propagation is widely adopted for modeling earthquake excitation for layered soil. In this paper, importance of local soil effects, the process of wave propagation through three dimensional elastic medium, layered medium situated on rigid rock, attenuation of stress waves due to material damping, equivalent linear approximation, the concept of one dimensional wave propagation, and a case study of one dimensional wave propagation as a part of site-specific ground response analyses for Delhi region are included. The case study brings out the importance of carrying out site-specific ground response analyses of buildings considering the scenario earthquakes and actual soil conditions for Delhi region.

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Multi‐variable relations for soil effects on seismic ground motion

Bouckovalas

Papadimitriou

2003

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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SUMMARYSoil e ects on peak ground acceleration, velocity and elastic response spectra (5% damping) are expressed by simple approximate relations in terms of ÿve key parameters: (a) the fundamental vibration period of the non-linear soil, T S , (b) the period of a bedrock site of equal thickness, T b , (c) the predominant excitation period, Te, (d) the peak seismic acceleration at outcropping bedrock, a b max , and (e) the number of signiÿcant excitation cycles, n. Furthermore, another relation is proposed for the estimation of T S in terms of the soil thickness H , the average shear wave velocity of the soil V S; o and a b max . The aforementioned parameters were ÿrst identiÿed through a simpliÿed analytical simulation of the site excitation. The multivariable approximate relations were then formulated via a statistical analysis of relevant data from more than 700 one-dimensional equivalent-linear seismic ground response analyses, for actual seismic excitations and natural soil conditions. Use of these relations to back-calculate the numerical results in the database gives an estimate of their error margin, which is found to be relatively small and unbiased. The proposed relations are also independently veriÿed through a detailed comparison with strong motion recordings from seven well-documented case studies: (a) two sites in the San Fernando valley during the Northridge earthquake, and (b) ÿve di erent seismic events recorded at the SMART-1 accelerometer array in Taiwan. It is deduced that the accuracy of the relations is comparable to that of the equivalent-linear method. Hence, they can be readily used as a quick alternative for routine applications, as well as for spreadsheet computations (e.g. GIS-aided seismic microzonation studies) where numerical methods are cumbersome to implement.

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Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping

Cited by 167 publications

References 2 publications

Applicability of Total Stress Seismic Ground Response Analysis Under Large Earthquakes

Applicability of Total Stress Seismic Ground Response Analysis Under Large Earthquakes

Modelling Propagation of Stress Waves through Soil Medium for Ground Response Analysis

Multi‐variable relations for soil effects on seismic ground motion

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