Equivalent of a cartilage tissue for simulations of laser-induced temperature fields

Abstract

Elastic scattering of electrons by krypton atom was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Differential cross sections (DCSs) were measured at fixed incident energies from 20 eV to 80 eV as a function of scattering angle (10 • -150 • ). From 100 eV, DCSs were measured as a function of both incident electron energy (100-260 eV) and scattering angle (30 • -110 • ), in small steps around minima. The energy dependence of the angular positions of DCS minima was determined. Theoretical results were obtained in terms of a model of phenomenological complex potential with allowance for spin-orbit interaction. Two data sets were calculated, with and without an absorption potential, and compared to experimental results. The improvements and deteriorations in agreement with measurements upon inclusion of absorption effects are discussed.

Optical characteristics of cartilage at a wavelength of 1560 nm and their dynamic behavior under laser heating conditions

“…The diffusion length d = ͱ 3 a ͓ a + ͑1−g͒ s ͔ of photons wandering in the cartilage at room temperature amounted to 11.8 cm −1 at the parameters a =5 cm −1 , s =28 cm −1 , and g = 0.85, measured by us at room temperature. The coefficients a and eff agree well with the effective absorption coefficient of the cartilage tissue, eff = 10.8Ϯ 0.5 cm −1 , measured independently by us 34 by the method of remote laser IR radiometry. These facts indirectly bear witness to the reliability of the values of the optical parameters obtained.…”

“…To evaluate the effect of the dynamics of s , a , and g on the temperature field in biological tissues, use was made of the model presented in our work. 34 The calculation of the laser-induced three-dimensional temperature field was based on the solution of the classical heat conduction equation expressed in cylindrical coordinates,…”

“…This synthetic material is being frequently used as an equivalent of biological tissues. 34 Its merits are good elasticity and thermal stability at temperatures up to 90°C. The PAA hydrogel is convenient to use because its samples can be synthesized to differ in water content and degree of cross-linking.…”

“…35 Using this method, we synthesized a PAA hydrogel 1:19 in cross-linking degree and 70% by mass in water content that possessed optical and thermophysical characteristics similar to those of the cartilage. 34 To find the temperature dependence of the optical parameters, we used a measuring system including a radiation source, two integrating spheres 8 cm diam, and a sample temperature measuring unit ͑Fig. 1͒.…”

Трансформации Спектров Фотолюминесценции Наноразмерных Апконвертирующих Фосфоров Фантомами Биологических Тканей

“…Обычно при изготовлении таких фантомов стараются смоделировать какое-нибудь одно свойство конкретной биологической ткани. Известны фантомы, имитирующие по отдельности диэлектрические [8,9], акустические [10], теплофизические [11] или оптические [12,13] свойства. При этом также существуют и гибридные фантомы 788 Е.М.…”