Equivalent Pulse Parameters for Electroporation

Abstract

Abstract-Electroporation-based applications require the use of specific pulse parameters for a successful outcome. When recommended values of pulse parameters cannot be set, similar outcomes can be obtained by using equivalent pulse parameters. We determined the relations between the amplitude and duration/number of pulses resulting in the same fraction of electroporated cells. Pulse duration was varied from 150 ns to 100 ms, and the number of pulses from 1 to 128. Fura 2-AM was used to determine electroporation of cells to Ca 2+ . With longer pulses or higher number of pulses, lower amplitudes are needed for the same fraction of electroporated cells. The expression derived from the model of electroporation could describe the measured data on the whole interval of pulse durations. In a narrower range (0.1-100 ms), less complex, logarithmic or power functions could be used instead. The relation between amplitude and number of pulses could best be described with a power function or an exponential function. We show that relatively simple two-parameter power or logarithmic functions are useful when equivalent pulse parameters for electroporation are sought. Such mathematical relations between pulse parameters can be important in planning of electroporationbased treatments, such as electrochemotherapy and nonthermal irreversible electroporation.

Folate Conjugated Cellulose Nanocrystals Potentiate Irreversible Electroporation-induced Cytotoxicity for the Selective Treatment of Cancer Cells

“…The optimal incubation time coincides with a peak in membrane bound CNCs, prior to the completion of endocytosis. While some pulse parameters were chosen according to the literature (26)(27)(28)(29), the pulse length was optimized with nanoparticle pretreatment while a number of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) were tested across FR-negative and FR-positive cancer cell types. The purpose of these experiments is to show that the selective binding of FA to FR can mechanically alter the electroporation properties specific to that cell type.…”

High-frequency submicrosecond electroporator

“…[7] For example, for reversible electroporation (delivery of drug or other molecules into cells) pulses in the range of 1 kV/cm (hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds) are usually used. [7,8] For larger molecules or non-reversible electroporation, the intensity of the electric field may be increased from several kV/cm to tens of kV/cm. [9] In each case, development of high-voltage generators (electroporators) which are capable of delivering adjustable energy pulses to the biological loads is required.…”

Measurement of Transient Permeability of Sp2/0 Myeloma Cells: Flow Cytometric Study

“…Also the exact PEF effect depends on the waveform, duration, number of pulses and other parameters, thus the research of the equivalent pulse parameters including effective protocols is constantly performed [9]- [11]. The parametric analysis is required each time a new cell type/strain is used due to the differences in the structure of the membrane, which results in a unique permeabilization curve for each cell type [12]- [13].…”