Equol induced apoptosis via cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 but not MCF-7 cells

Choi, Eun Jeong; Kim, Tae-Hee

doi:10.3892/mmr.1.2.239

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Kampherol has been shown to enhance the production of morphological indications of apoptosis (membrane blebbing) and the accumulation of apoptotic intracellular markers and promoters (caspases 3, 8, and 9, as well as Bax) while decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, kaempferol caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint, as well as inhibition of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 expression (75). Imran et al (76) suggested that kaempferol can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via upregulation of checkpoint kinase 2/cell division cycle 25C/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Chk2/Cdc25C/ Cdc2), receptors DR5 and DR4, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), C/ EBP homologous protein (CHOP), p38, p21, the extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) proteins, caspase-3, -7, -8, Bad, Bax, and p53 proteins.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action On Female Reproductive Processesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Sea buckthorn, its bioactive constituents, and mechanism of action: potential application in female reproduction

Mihal,

Roychoudhury,

Sirotkin

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a flowering shrub, and its berries have been utilized for decades as a raw ingredient in cuisines and herbal remedies. This evidence-based study focuses on its key bioactive constituents, and mechanism of protective effects with a focus on female reproductive processes. Parts of the plant contain phenols, carotenoids (lycopene, carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin), flavonoids (isorhamnetin, quercetin, glycosides, and kaempferol), tocopherols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, omega 3, 6, 9 and rare omega 7 fatty acids etc. Key polyphenolic flavonoids such as isorhamnetin and quercetin are believed to be mainly responsible behind its health benefits (against cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity etc.) through properties including anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. These sea buckthorn constituents appear to mediate healthy ovarian cell proliferation, death, and hormone release, as well as decrease ovarian cancer possibly through apoptosis, and hormonal (estrogen) release. Thus, sea buckthorn and its bioactive ingredients may have potential in the management of gynecological problems such as uterine inflammation, endometriosis, and easing symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (by targeting inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor – VEGF). Apigenin, myricetin, and luteolin have also been recommended as prospective ovarian cancer preventative and adjuvant therapy options as they can inhibit ovarian cancerogenesis by triggering apoptosis and halting the cell cycle in ovarian tumors. Furthermore, its oil (containing carotenoid, sterol, and hypericin) has been speculated as an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women particularly to improve vaginal epithelial integrity. However, it is uncertain whether steroid hormone receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory regulators are actually behind sea buckhorn’s actions. Sea buckthorn, and its compounds’ health promoting potential warrants further validation not just in vitro and in animal research, but also in clinical trials to identify and/or standardize optimal methods of delivery of biologically active molecules.

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Section: Mechanism Of Action On Female Reproductive Processesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Another sea buckthorn ingredient that can inhibit ovarian cancerogenesis is kaempherol. In cultivated ovarian cancer cells, it can at least trigger apoptosis and halt the cell cycle (70,73,(75)(76)(77). Furthermore, kaempherol can inhibit angiogenesis in ovarian tumors (76).…”

Section: Effect On Female Reproductive Processes 51 Ovary Cancer Prev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea buckthorn, its bioactive constituents, and mechanism of action: potential application in female reproduction

Mihal,

Roychoudhury,

Sirotkin

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…In fact, Yuan et al showed that S-equol specifically induced ERβ tyrosine phosphorylation and inhibited breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo [ 124 ]. However, S-equol also has dose-dependent effects on breast cancer cells, with higher S-equol concentrations (50–350 μM) inhibiting cancer growth and invasion [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. At lower physiological concentrations (~1 μM), S-equol acted as weak estrogen to promote ER+ breast cancer proliferation in vitro but had no effect on tumor growth in mice [ 128 , 131 , 132 , 133 ].…”

Section: Phytoestrogens Targeting Bcscs and Their Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, S-equol also has dose-dependent effects on breast cancer cells, with higher S-equol concentrations (50–350 μM) inhibiting cancer growth and invasion [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. At lower physiological concentrations (~1 μM), S-equol acted as weak estrogen to promote ER+ breast cancer proliferation in vitro but had no effect on tumor growth in mice [ 128 , 131 , 132 , 133 ]. In particular, the Dharmawardhane group showed that dietary daidzein increased breast tumor growth and metastasis in an ER-negative breast tumor mouse xenograft model [ 134 ].…”

Section: Phytoestrogens Targeting Bcscs and Their Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells Using Naturally Occurring Phytoestrogens

Nguyen

Osipo

2022

IJMS

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Breast cancer therapies have made significant strides in improving survival for patients over the past decades. However, recurrence and drug resistance continue to challenge long-term recurrence-free and overall survival rates. Mounting evidence supports the cancer stem cell model in which the existence of a small population of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) within the tumor enables these cells to evade conventional therapies and repopulate the tumor, giving rise to more aggressive, recurrent tumors. Thus, successful breast cancer therapy would need to target these BCSCs, as well the tumor bulk cells. Since the Women’s Health Initiative study reported an increased risk of breast cancer with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women, many have turned their attention to phytoestrogens as a natural alternative. Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that share structural similarities with human estrogens and can bind to the estrogen receptors to alter the endocrine responses. Recent studies have found that phytoestrogens can also target BCSCs and have the potential to complement conventional therapy eradicating BCSCs. This review summarized the latest findings of different phytoestrogens and their effect on BCSCs, along with their mechanisms of action, including selective estrogen receptor binding and inhibition of molecular pathways used by BCSCs. The latest results of phytoestrogens in clinical trials are also discussed to further evaluate the use of phytoestrogen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.

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“…Equol (Eq), a heterocyclic phenol, is a metabolite daidzeinderived by bacteria in the distal ileum and colon [14]. Eq possesses strong estrogenic, antiandrogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [15][16][17], as well as cell cycle regulatory activity [18]. Among these biological activities, the antioxidative capacity of Eq has recently gained considerable attention in animal husbandry [19] and was found to be higher than that of daidzein [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Equol Supplementation on Growth Performance, Redox Status, Intestinal Health and Skeletal Muscle Development of Weanling Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Zhang

Ren

Chen

et al. 2023

Animals

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Animals with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) usually undergo injured postnatal growth and development during the early period after birth. Equol (Eq), an isoflavan produced by gut bacteria in response to daidzein intake, has various health benefits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether Eq supplementation can influence the growth performance, redox status, intestinal health and skeletal muscle development of weanling piglets with IUGR. A total of 10 normal-birth-weight (NBW) newborn female piglets and 20 newborn female piglets with IUGR were selected. After weaning at the age of 21 d, 10 NBW piglets and 10 IUGR piglets were allocated to the NBW group and IUGR group, respectively, and offered a basal diet. The other 10 IUGR piglets were allocated to the IUGR + Eq group and offered a basal diet with 50 mg of Eq per kg of diet. The whole trial lasted for 21 d. At the end of the feeding trial, all piglets were sacrificed for the collection of serum, intestinal tissues and skeletal muscles. Supplementation with Eq increased the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C), jejunal villus height and V/C, but reduced the duodenal crypt depth in neonatal piglets with IUGR. Meanwhile, Eq supplementation elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the serum and duodenum and the activity of SOD in the jejunum, but lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum, jejunum and ileum of piglets with IUGR. In addition, supplementation with Eq reduced diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and the levels of D-lactate and endotoxin in serum, and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in jejunum and ileum, whereas the concentration of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the mRNA levels of intestinal barrier-related markers in jejunum and ileum of IUGR piglets were increased. Furthermore, supplementation with Eq elevated the percentage of fast-fibers and was accompanied with higher mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain IIb (MyHC IIb) and lower mRNA levels in MyHC I in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of IUGR piglets. In summary, Eq supplementation can promote antioxidant capacity, maintain intestinal health and facilitate skeletal muscle development, thus resulting in the higher growth performance of IUGR piglets.

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Equol induced apoptosis via cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 but not MCF-7 cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Sea buckthorn, its bioactive constituents, and mechanism of action: potential application in female reproduction

Sea buckthorn, its bioactive constituents, and mechanism of action: potential application in female reproduction

Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells Using Naturally Occurring Phytoestrogens

Effects of Equol Supplementation on Growth Performance, Redox Status, Intestinal Health and Skeletal Muscle Development of Weanling Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

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