Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)

St-Louis, Antoine; Côté, Steeve D.

doi:10.1644/835.1.

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An alternative and more likely hypothesis, according to the ancient fossil record of Equus in Africa (Bernor et al ., 2010) is that Asiatic asses occurred after an African‐like ass emigrated from Africa into central Asia. The fossil record for Asiatic asses includes an extinct species of Pleistocene equid, Equus conversidens , a species similar to E. kiang (St‐Louis & Cote, 2009). The divergence of E. hemionus around 300 000 years ago is supported by palaeontological records that report Asiatic wild asses in Asia during the middle and late Pleistocene (Grinder, Krausman & Hoffmann, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla

Steiner

Ryder

2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of perissodactyls (rhinoceroses, tapirs, and horses) has been well studied primarily because of their extensive fossil record. Nevertheless, controversy persists regarding relationships of some of the extant taxa, reflecting inconsistencies between molecular and morphological studies. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationships of 16 living perissodactyl species by concatenating two mitochondrial and nine nuclear genes, and we estimate their divergence times using a relaxed Bayesian molecular clock approach. Our analyses recovered the monophyly of the suborders Ceratomorpha and Hippomorpha, and the families Rhinoceratidae, Tapiridae, and Equidae. We supported the early divergence of the Indian rhinoceros in the late Oligocene (26 Mya) relative to the Sumatran and African rhinoceroses, and the split of caballine (domestic horse and Przewalski's wild horse) and noncaballine equids (zebras and African and Asiatic asses) in the Pliocene (4 Mya). An important implication of this study is that Equus asinus, the African wild ass was found to be the sister taxon of Asiatic asses and zebras, diverging from the common ancestor with caballine horses 2 Mya. Rates of chromosome rearrangements were also evaluated in perissodactyls, placing a notably high rate of variation amongst equids, particularly within the zebra clade. The robust phylogenetic results presented here are relevant in terms of understanding the evolutionary history of this highly threatened group of mammals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla

Steiner

Ryder

2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mating season for Tibetan wild ass occurs from late July to the end of August. Females give birth to 1 offspring in summer between mid-July and mid-August every 2 years ( Schaller 1998 ; St-Louis and Côté 2009 ). There are 3 group types of Tibetan wild asses: female–kids groups, bachelor groups consisting of young adult males, and solitary older males which often herd female or family groups that pass within their territory ( Schaller 1998 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The group size effect and synchronization of vigilance in the Tibetan wild ass

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vigilance behavior is considered as an effective strategy for prey species to detect predators. An individual benefits from living in a group by reducing the time spent being vigilant without affecting the probability of detecting a predator. However, the mechanism producing a decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is unclear. Many models of vigilance assume that group members scan independently of one another. Yet in recent studies, the other two patterns of vigilance, coordination and synchronization, were reported in some species. In two summers (2018 and 2019), we studied the group size effect on vigilance and foraging of Tibetan wild ass in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of Tibet. We also tested whether individuals scan the environment independently, tend to coordinate their scans, or tend to synchronize their vigilance. The results showed that individuals decreased the time spent on vigilance with increasing group size, while increased the time spent foraging. Group members scanned the environment at the same time more frequently and there was a positive correlation between group members’ behaviors, indicating that Tibetan wild asses tend to synchronize their vigilance.

show abstract

“…Intensive research has been performed regarding the conservation of this species (Joseph and Bard‐Jorgen ; Yifan and Jianping ; Yin et al . ; St‐Louis and Côté ; Kefena et al . ; Dong et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a key protected species in China and is listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List 2012 of threatened species. Intensive research has been performed regarding the conservation of this species (Joseph and Bard-Jorgen 2005;Yifan and Jianping 2006;Yin et al 2007;St-Louis and Côt e 2009;Kefena et al 2012;Dong et al 2015;Guo et al 2018). With the development of wildlife protection plans, the change in environment during ex-situ conservation comes with a change in animal health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the gut microbiota composition between the wild and captive Tibetan wild ass ( Equus kiang )

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims The gut microbiota has a great effect on the health and nutrition of the host. Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota may improve animal health and growth performance. The objectives of our study were to characterize the faecal microbiota between wild and captive Tibetan wild asses and discuss the differences and their reasons. Methods and Results Through high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4‐V5 region, we studied the gut microbiota composition and structure of Tibetan wild asses in winter, and analysed the differences between wild and captive groups. The results showed that the most common bacterial phylum in Tibetan wild ass faeces samples was Bacteroidetes, while the phylum Firmicutes was dominant in captive Tibetan wild ass faecal samples. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes were significantly higher (P < 0·01) than in the wild groups. Conclusions Captivity reduces intestinal microbial diversity, evenness and operational taxonomic unit number due to the consumption of industrial food, therefore, increasing the risk of disease prevalence and affecting the health of wildlife. Significance and Impact of the Study We studied the effect of the captive environment on intestinal micro‐organisms. This article provides a theoretical basis for the ex‐situ conservation of wild animals in the future.

show abstract

Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla

The group size effect and synchronization of vigilance in the Tibetan wild ass

Comparison of the gut microbiota composition between the wild and captive Tibetan wild ass ( Equus kiang )

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About