Er:CaF2 single-crystal fiber Q-switched laser with diode pumping in the mid-infrared region

Zong, Mengyu; Xiao, Yang; Liu, Jingjing; Zhang, Zhen; Jiang, Shouzhen; Su, Liangbi

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117519

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There is a wealth of literature data available on the absorption and emission spectra of rare earth ions doped in CaF 2. [ 1–56 ] Table 1 collects the principal emission bands observed for the various trivalent rare earth ions with representative references. For Ce 3+ , it was shown that if Ce 3+ is associated with oxygen, the two 5d(e g ) ➔ 4f ( 2 F 5/2 ) and 5d(e g ) ➔ 4f ( 2 F 7/2 ) emission bands are shifted to 350 and 380 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Background: Spectra Of Rare Earth Ions In Caf2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well‐known that natural fluorites contain rare earth ions, and many optical spectra of rare earth ions in CaF 2 have been reported, although somewhat scattered in the literature. [ 1–56 ] With the increasing availability of Raman microscopes for mineral characterizations, it appears that these instruments can equally be used to probe with high resolution the luminescence of the rare earth ions which can be excited with 532 nm and other laser excitation, not only for rare earth in fluorites but also in other rare earth containing minerals. Previously, laser excited luminescence of rare earth ions in fluorites has been demonstrated using the Ar ion laser lines ranging from 364 to 514.5 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing luminescence of rare earth ions in natural pink fluorites using Raman microscopes

Hagemann

Ayoubipour

Delgado

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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It is well-known that many natural fluorite crystals contain rare earth ions. In this work, a series of pink fluorites is studied to demonstrate that the use of Raman microscopes allows to obtain high resolution emission spectra of trivalent rare earth ions. These emission spectra allow in principle to distinguish differences of the local environment related to the charge compensation necessary when the divalent Ca ion is replaced by a trivalent rare earth ion. The pink fluorites from the Alps have grown under hydrothermal conditions, which results in the incorporation of oxygen into the fluorite. In one sample from Juchlistock (Bern, Switzerland), a trigonal Eu 3+ -oxygen center is clearly identified. Interestingly, a pink fluorite from China (Huanggang Mine, Inner Mongolia, China) shows a quite different emission spectrum from those of the Alps. In this sample, the emission bands have much lower relative intensity compared with the intensity of the CaF 2 Raman peak, indicating a much lower content of Er 3+ and Ho 3+ which emit around 520-560 nm. Literature examples show that Raman measurements of differently colored fluorite crystals can also present sharp rare earth spectra. By extension, it is thus possible to observe and identify emission spectra of rare earth ions in other mineral crystals using Raman microspectroscopy and avoid misassignments of the corresponding observed Raman spectra.

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Section: Background: Spectra Of Rare Earth Ions In Caf2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing luminescence of rare earth ions in natural pink fluorites using Raman microscopes

Hagemann

Ayoubipour

Delgado

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Although this method is usually used to grow large size crystals, recently modified TGT is being actively used to grow various single crystal fibers (diameter ≈1 mm) with different compositions and with most work cultivated in Shandong Normal University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai). [ 46–48 ] A simplified version of TGT creates a temperature gradient along the body of furnace, with dense heating element at the bottom and less heating coil at the top of the furnace. This method has grown single crystals such as SnSe, SnSe 2 , SnS, GaTe, InSe 2 , and GaSe.…”

Section: Single Crystal Fiber Fabrication Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Liu

Ohodnicki

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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The state of the art of single crystal fiber (SCF) fabrication has evolved and improved over the last five decades. Nowadays, edge‐defined film‐feed growth, micro‐pulling down, and laser heated pedestal growth are three major techniques for the fabrication of SCF. Solid state crystal growth and temperature gradient technology are also very active recently making small size SCF. These optical fiber growth techniques are powerful material research tools employed globally for both scientific inquiry and practical applications. This article introduces the development of SCF growth techniques, with particular emphasis on recent practical applications including temperature sensing, radiation environment sensing, fiber laser and power delivery, chemical and medical application, imaging application, and piezoelectric application. In all cases, the application‐oriented point of view provides the reader with an up‐to‐date panorama of the vast possibilities offered by SCF. In the end, perspectives on the trends and future development of single crystal fibers are discussed.

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“…Thus, the self-terminating effect of Er 3+ is suppressed and researches in recent years have been based on Er-doped CaF2 or SrF2 crystals to obtain midinfrared lasers. In 2019, an Er 3+ :Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 mixed crystal laser with a 1.41 W CW output power was achieved by Liu Jingjing [15] and in 2020, Zong et al firstly demonstrated the laser performance of Er:CaF2 single-crystal fiber [16]. Q-switched technology is an effective method to obtain a pulse laser with narrow pulse duration (μs and ns magnitude) and large energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser

et al. 2022

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We demonstrated a passively Q-switched Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 laser with indium tin oxide nanowire arrays as an optical modulator in the mid-infrared region. In the Q-switched regime, the maximum output power of 58 mW with a slope efficiency of 18.3% was acquired. Meanwhile, the minimum pulse duration and highest repetition rate of the stable pulse trains were 490 ns and 17.09 kHz, corresponding to single pulse energy of 3.4 μJ and peak power of 6.93 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge it was the first time that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays were employed as a saturable absorber to make pulse lasers carried out at 2.8 μm. The experimental data show that indium tin oxide nanowire arrays can be employed as a competitive candidate for saturable absorber in the field of mid-infrared solid-state lasers.

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Er:CaF2 single-crystal fiber Q-switched laser with diode pumping in the mid-infrared region

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Probing luminescence of rare earth ions in natural pink fluorites using Raman microscopes

Probing luminescence of rare earth ions in natural pink fluorites using Raman microscopes

Fabrication and Application of Single Crystal Fiber: Review and Prospective

Indium Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays as a Saturable Absorber for Mid-Infrared Er:Ca0.8Sr0.2F2 Laser

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