Er-doped crystalline active media for ~ 3 μm diode-pumped lasers

Švejkar, Richard; Šulc, Jan; Jelı́nková, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2020.100276

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The main reason is that these laser sources possess the key properties for a vast number of technological applications (e.g., LiDAR, gas sensing, material processing, or pump sources of optical parametric oscillators [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) and are enabling further advancement of the basic research as well (e.g., in the attosecond science for efficient high harmonic X-ray generation [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]). The huge demand for the mid-IR lasers has inevitably led to an intensified development of the corresponding laser sources and optical components [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths

et al. 2020

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The relatively narrow choice of magneto-active materials that could be used to construct Faraday devices (such as rotators or isolators) for the mid-infrared wavelengths arguably represents a pressing issue that is currently limiting the development of the mid-infrared lasers. Furthermore, the knowledge of the magneto-optical properties of the yet-reported mid-infrared magneto-active materials is usually restricted to a single wavelength only. To address this issue, we have dedicated this work to a comprehensive investigation of the magneto-optical properties of both the emerging (Dy2O3 ceramics and CeF3 crystal) and established (Y3Fe5O12 crystal) mid-infrared magneto-active materials. A broadband radiation source was used in a combination with an advanced polarization-stepping method, enabling an in-depth analysis of the wavelength dependence of the investigated materials’ Faraday rotation. We were able to derive approximate models for the examined dependence, which, as we believe, may be conveniently used for designing the needed mid-infrared Faraday devices for lasers with the emission wavelengths in the 2-μm spectral region. In the case of Y3Fe5O12 crystal, the derived model may be used as a rough approximation of the material’s saturated Faraday rotation even beyond the 2-μm wavelengths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths

et al. 2020

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“…3 The laser transition between 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 allows to generate laser wavelength in spectral range from 2.65 µm to 2.94 µm, depending on the matrix of active medium. 2,4,5 This spectral range is interesting mainly for applications in medicine due to the high absorption coefficient of biological tissue at wavelength 3 µm. 3 Also, the erbium ∼ 3 µm lasers can be used as a pumping source for optical parametric oscillators or for Fe:ZnSe active media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Also, the erbium ∼ 3 µm lasers can be used as a pumping source for optical parametric oscillators or for Fe:ZnSe active media. [5][6][7] 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Er:Y 2 O 3 ceramic sample…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of spectroscopy and laser parameters of Er:Y2O3 ceramic from 80 to 300 K

Švejkar¹,

Šulc²,

Jelı́nková³

2023

Solid State Lasers XXXII: Technology and Devices

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In this work, the spectroscopy and laser characteristics of the ceramic Er:Y 2 O 3 are presented in the temperature range from 80 to 300 K. Er:Y 2 O 3 ceramic (5 at. % of Er 3+ , Baikowski Co., Ltd.) had the form of a rectangular block (thickness 9 mm) with plan-parallel polished faces (cross-section 3 × 3 mm) without anti-reflection coatings. The active medium was attached to the copper cold finger of the liquid nitrogen cryostat in a vacuum chamber. The pumping of Er:Y 2 O 3 was carried out by radiation from fibre-coupled laser diode (pulse duration 3 ms, repetition rate 16.6 Hz, wavelength 972 nm). All spectroscopy measurements -transmission, fluorescence and up-conversion spectra together with fluorescence decay times at 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 13/2 were obtained in the temperature range from 80 to 300 K. The fluorescence decay time of manifold 4 I 11/2 (upper laser level) is slightly increasing with rising temperature from 325 µs (80 K) to 342 µs (170 K) and then its decreasing to 295 µs (300 K). On the other hand, the decay time of lower laser lever 4 I 13/2 is increasing together with a rising temperature from 3.6 ms (80 K) to 4.6 ms (300 K). Moreover, it was obvious that with decreasing temperature, the intensity of green up-conversion radiation (564 nm) increased. For laser experiments a hemispherical resonator (80 mm in length) with a flat pumping mirror (HT > 94 % @ 960 -980 nm and HR > 99 % @ 2.65 -3 µm) and spherical output coupler (r = 100 mm, R = 95 % @ 2.65 -2.95 µm) were used. Er:Y 2 O 3 laser was operated in the pulsed regime to prevent damage to the active medium, the highest slope efficiency 9.5 % (with respect to absorbed power) and maximum output power of 83 mW were reached at a duty cycle of 5 %. With rising temperature the slope efficiency was decreasing down to 5 % at 300 K, on the other hand the laser threshold with respect to absorbed mean power was increased from 50 mW (80 K) to 150 mW (300 K). The emitted laser wavelength by the Er:Y 2 O 3 laser was slightly changed due to the heating of the active medium from 2744 nm (at 80 K) to 2742 nm (at 300 K). The erbium-doped ceramic active media can be used as an alternative to crystals because of its easier fabrication compared to single-crystal sesquioxides, which require high melting point and special materials for crucible during growing process.

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“…Moreover, the diode-pumped system benefits from broad absorption lines since the laser is less sensitive to laser diode wavelength shift. Based on our previous study [17], an Er 3+ -doped mixed garnet Gd 3 Ga x Al 5−x O 12 (Er:GGAG, 0 < x < 5) seems to be a promising alternative to Er:YAG from this point of view. In GGAG, the use of heavier elements, such as Ga and Gd, causes a relatively low-phonon energy similar to GGG crystals (600 cm −1 ) [18], which reduces the nonradiative transition probabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable resonantly pumped Er:GGAG laser

et al. 2021

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The main goal of this work was to present spectroscopic and laser characteristics including the wavelength tunability of Er-doped Gd3Ga3Al2O12 (Er:GGAG) crystal. Seven Er:GGAG crystals of various Er/Gd concentrations were investigated. The maximum output peak power of 0.99 W with an absorbed pumping peak power amplitude of 5.22 W for the crystal at 0.55 at.% Er/Gd concentration was researched. The tuning was accomplished using a SiO2 birefringent plate. The laser wavelength was tunable in three eye-safe spectral bands from 1609 to 1650 nm.

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Er-doped crystalline active media for ~ 3 μm diode-pumped lasers

Cited by 33 publications

References 89 publications

Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths

Faraday Rotation of Dy2O3, CeF3 and Y3Fe5O12 at the Mid-Infrared Wavelengths

Temperature dependence of spectroscopy and laser parameters of Er:Y2O3 ceramic from 80 to 300 K

Tunable resonantly pumped Er:GGAG laser

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