Er3+-doped germanate glasses for active waveguides prepared by Ag+/K+↔Na+ ion-exchange

High-aluminum phosphate glasses for single-mode waveguide-typed red light source

“…Quantum yield can be worked as a selection criterion of luminesce materials for potential applications in solid-state lighting and is defined as the ratio of the number of emitted photons to the number of absorbed photons [44,45]. Obviously, the absorbed (N abs ) and emitted photon (N emit ) numbers can be estimated by integrating the distribution with the wavenumber.…”

“…K + -Na + ion-exchange is one of the most frequently-used techniques to fabricate low-loss optical device that can be effectively coupled with single-mode fibers, which is mainly attributed to the facts that the refractive index selectively raised with the K + ions exchanged into the glass substrate when the glass substrate is submerged in pure molten KNO 3 , and during K + -Na + ion exchange process no concentration control of the melt is required and no subsequent metallic ion clusters are formed [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. In the previous work, an attempt was made at fabricating waveguide devices in NMAP (Na 2 OMgO-Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 ) glass substrates incorporating with trivalent rareearth ions by K + -Na + ion exchange, and after ion exchange NMAP glass substrate appears appropriate single-mode in near-infrared (NIR) region [48].…”

Ion-exchange in Glasses and Crystals: from Theory to Applications

“…All these features are well suited to the role that these materials must assume in terms of safety of smart electronic systems. It is therefore no coincidence that, at the release of the new iPhone12 series in October 2020, Apple declared that it had realized-in collaboration with Corning-a new extremely resistant glass-ceramic product, the Ceramic Shield, four times better in terms of drop performance than Gorilla ® Glass Victus TM [138]. Although Apple is not the first to have used glass-ceramic materials for the protection of its smart electronic devices (see, for instance, the Samsung with its smartphone Samsung Galaxy S10), the company from Cupertino is however the first to use such materials for the display protection while other manufacturing companies, such as Samsung, have used this material for back panel or camera-lens safety.…”

3D printed gradient index glass optics

“…However, certain optical applications require improved environmental stability to maintain function; in these cases, glass is the material of choice. Existing methods for producing GRIN glass include solid diffusion (14)(15)(16)(17), sol-gel diffusion (18,19), and mating and joining preforms (20)(21)(22). Diffusion-based approaches are mostly limited to two-dimensional (2D), monotonic composition profiles, and most of these approaches involve challenging, time-consuming steps that are difficult to scale.…”