ERA-CLIM: Historical Surface and Upper-Air Data for Future Reanalyses

Stickler, Alexander; Brönnimann, Stefan; Valente, M. A.; Bethke, Julia; Sterin, Alexander; Jourdain, Sylvie; Roucaute, Eméline; Vasquez, Mayte; Reyes, D. A.; Allan, R. J.; Dee, Dick

doi:10.1175/bams-d-13-00147.1

Cited by 91 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To compare modelled data with observations, we used the precipitation data provided by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) as gridded monthly datasets (CRU‐TS3.1) for the 1901–2009 period covering the global land surface at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution (New et al ., ; Mitchell et al ., ; Brohan et al ., ). Also, atmospheric reanalysis for 20th century (ERA‐20C) for temperature, geopotential height and zonal wind has been used (provided by http://www.ecmwf.int/en/research/climate-reanalysis/era-20c/; Stickler et al ., ).…”

Section: Model Data and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 62%

Wintertime ENSO influence on late spring European climate: the stratospheric response and the role of North Atlantic SST

Bulić

Mezzina

Kucharski

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The impact of the wintertime El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on European late spring climate is examined using an atmospheric general circulation model of intermediate complexity. The analysis is focused on the response of the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere, downward propagation of the ENSO signal detected in temperature, zonal wind and geopotential height and contribution of the North Atlantic to the persistence of the associated surface anomalies. It is found that the stratosphere responds to El Niño (La Niña) events with substantial warming (cooling) occurring in the polar area accompanied by a corresponding modification of upper‐level geopotential heights and zonal winds resembling the pattern of the Northern Annular Mode. The atmospheric response is detected in the upper troposphere as well as at the surface where it interacts with the North Atlantic. In this way, the footprint of atmospheric wintertime ENSO signal is preserved in the ocean persisting until the following spring when it is transmitted back into the atmosphere through the sea–air interaction. Furthermore, it is showed here that the late springtime ENSO signal over Europe may be considered as a result of two contributing processes: one is a direct (spring‐to‐spring) ENSO influence and the other is a delayed (winter‐to‐spring) ENSO influence. Two processes enable the delayed ENSO impact: the persistence of the wintertime ENSO signal in the stratosphere and the atmosphere–ocean interaction in the North Atlantic. Numerical simulations indicate that the memory of the ocean mixed layer is stronger than that of the stratosphere. In this manner, the presented results emphasize the extratropical Atlantic as a contributing factor for climate variability linking wintertime atmospheric circulation associated with ENSO forcing and European climate during the following spring.

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Section: Model Data and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 62%

Wintertime ENSO influence on late spring European climate: the stratospheric response and the role of North Atlantic SST

Bulić

Mezzina

Kucharski

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…상층 제트기류의 강도(풍속) 및 3차원적 위치 변화 경향을 연구하기 위해 현재 제공되고 있는 9종의 재 분석자료들 중에서, 자료기간이 30년이 되지 않는 JRA-25 (Japanese 25-year Reanalysis, Onogi et al, 2007), 저해상도인 NCEP-R1/R2, 대류권 자료동화가 포함되어 있지 않은 ERA-20C (ECMWF Atmospheric Reanalysis of the 20th Century Project, Stickler et al, 2014)와 20CR (NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 2c, Compo et al, 2011) ) from the ensemble data. Koch et al, 2006;Kuang et al, 2014;Manney et al, 2014).…”

Section: 자료 및 연구 방법unclassified

Trends of Upper Jet Streams Characteristics (Intensity, Altitude, Latitude and Longitude) Over the Asia-North Pacific Region Based on Four Reanalysis Datasets

So¹,

Suh²

2017

Atmosphere

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In this study, trends of upper jet stream characteristics (intensity, altitude, latitude, and longitude) over the Asia-North Pacific region during the recent 30 (1979~2008) years were analyzed by using four reanalysis datasets (CFSR, ERA-Int., JRA-55, MERRA). We defined the characteristics of upper jet stream as the averages of mass weighted wind speed, mass-flux weighted altitude, latitude and longitude between 400 and 100 hPa. Due to the vertical averaging of jet stream characteristics, our results reveal a weaker spatial variabilities and trends than previous studies. In general, the four reanalysis datasets show similar jet stream properties (intensity, altitude, latitude and longitude) although the magnitude and trends are slightly different among the reanalysis datasets. The altitude of MERRA is slightly higher than that of others for all seasons. The domain averaged intensity shows a weakening trend except for winter and the altitude of jet stream shows an increasing trend for all seasons. Also, the meridional trend of jet core shows a poleward trend for all seasons but it shows a contrasting trend, poleward trend in the continental area but equatorward trend in the Western Pacific region during summer. The zonal trend of jet core is very weak but a relatively strong westward trend in jet core except for spring and winter. The trends of jet stream characteristics found in this study are thermodynamically consistent with the global warming trends observed in the Asia-Pacific region.

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“…We use the output of ongoing or recently-terminated reanalysis projects over past decades. In this analysis, we use the following six reanalysis products: (1) ERA-Interim [22]; (2) ERA20C [54]; (3) Japanese 55-year reanalysis [55]; (4) NCEP-NCAR reanalysis R1 [29]; (5) NCEP-CFSR [56]; and NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Reanalysis (MERRA) [57] (6). The products and their most important characteristics are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Atmospheric Reanalysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Uncertainty Estimation on a Precipitation and Temperature Reanalysis Ensemble for Shigar Basin, Central Karakoram

Reggiani

Coccia

Mukhopadhyay

2016

Water

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Abstract:The Upper Indus Basin (UIB) and the Karakoram Range are the subject of ongoing hydro-glaciological studies to investigate possible glacier mass balance shifts due to climatic change. Because of the high altitude and remote location, the Karakoram Range is difficult to access and, therefore, remains scarcely monitored. In situ precipitation and temperature measurements are only available at valley locations. High-altitude observations exist only for very limited periods. Gridded precipitation and temperature data generated from the spatial interpolation of in situ observations are unreliable for this region because of the extreme topography. Besides satellite measurements, which offer spatial coverage, but underestimate precipitation in this area, atmospheric reanalyses remain one of the few alternatives. Here, we apply a proven approach to quantify the uncertainty associated with an ensemble of monthly precipitation and temperature reanalysis data for 1979-2009 in Shigar Basin, Central Karakoram. A Model-Conditional Processor (MCP) of uncertainty is calibrated on precipitation and temperature in situ data measured in the proximity of the study region. An ensemble of independent reanalyses is processed to determine the predictive uncertainty of monthly observations. As to be expected, the informative gain achieved by post-processing temperature reanalyses is considerable, whereas significantly less gain is achieved for precipitation post-processing. The proposed approach indicates a systematic assessment procedure for predictive uncertainty through probabilistic weighting of multiple re-forecasts, which are bias-corrected on ground observations. The approach also supports an educated reconstruction of gap-filling for missing in situ observations.

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ERA-CLIM: Historical Surface and Upper-Air Data for Future Reanalyses

Abstract: Newly digitized surface and upper-air data are useful to analyze climate and weather events in the first half of the twentieth century and may help to improve future reanalyses.

Cited by 91 publications

References 19 publications

Wintertime ENSO influence on late spring European climate: the stratospheric response and the role of North Atlantic SST

Wintertime ENSO influence on late spring European climate: the stratospheric response and the role of North Atlantic SST

Trends of Upper Jet Streams Characteristics (Intensity, Altitude, Latitude and Longitude) Over the Asia-North Pacific Region Based on Four Reanalysis Datasets

Predictive Uncertainty Estimation on a Precipitation and Temperature Reanalysis Ensemble for Shigar Basin, Central Karakoram

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