Eradication of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from Patients' Blood by Chemotherapy, as Assessed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Murai, Koichi; Okayama, Akira; Horinouchi, Hisato; Oshikawa, Tatsumi; Tachibana, Nobuyoshi; Tsubouchi, Hirohito

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.325

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Instead, in recent years, PCR has been used to show that O. tsutsugamushi DNA disappeared gradually over 5 to 27 days after administration of antibiotics and reaffirmed short duration of O. tsutsugamushi bacteremia in human (1-4). These PCR data were contrasted to the result of the present study, and the main reason for the difference is thought to be low sensitivity of PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reveal that O. tsutsugamushi DNA in blood disappears gradually over 1 month after antibiotic treatment (1-4). It has not been clarified whether the DNA detected by PCR after the disappearance of symptoms of scrub typhus represents dead or viable bacteria, and its relevance and clinical significance have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence ofOrientia tsutsugamushiin Humans

et al. 2012

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We investigated the persistence of viable Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients who had recovered from scrub typhus. Blood specimens were available from six patients with scrub typhus who were at 1 to 18 months after the onset of the illness. The EDTA-treated blood specimens were inoculated into ECV304 cells, and cultures were maintained for 7 months. Sequencing of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of O. tsutsugamushi was performed to ascertain the homology of isolates. O. tsutsugamushi was isolated from all six patients, and nucleotide sequences of isolates serially collected from each patient were identical in all five patients in whom nucleotide sequences were compared. One patient relapsed 2 days after completion of antibiotic therapy; two patients complained of weakness for 1 to 2.5 months after the illness; one patient underwent coronary angioplasty 6 months later; and one patient suffered from a transient ischemic attack 8 months later. This finding suggests that O. tsutsugamushi causes chronic latent infection, which may be associated with certain clinical illnesses, preceded by scrub typhus. Antibiotic therapy abates the symptoms of scrub typhus, but does not eradicate O. tsutsugamushi from the human body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence ofOrientia tsutsugamushiin Humans

et al. 2012

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“…PCR was found to correlate well with traditional culture and mouse inoculation methods in monitoring for the clearance of O. tsutsugamushi after antibiotic therapy. DNA could be detected by the method at up to 8 days after treatment, long after the patient typically becomes afebrile [167]. In a case report, Lee et al [168] diagnosed scrub typhus by using a nested PCR with primers derived from the 56-kDa antigen gene.…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Antigen Genes In Orientia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scrub Typhus: The Geographic Distribution of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variants ofOrientia tsutsugamushi

et al. 2009

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Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, an acute, mite-borne, febrile illness that occurs in the Asia-Pacific region. Historically, strain characterization used serological analysis and revealed dramatic antigenic diversity. Eyeing a recommendation of potential vaccine candidates for broad protection, we review geographic diversity and serological and DNA prevalences. DNA analysis together with immunological analysis suggest that the prototype Karp strain and closely related strains are the most common throughout the region of endemicity. According to serological analysis, approximately 50% of isolates are seroreactive to Karp antisera, and approximately one-quarter of isolates are seroreactive to antisera against the prototype Gilliam strain. Molecular methods reveal greater diversity. By molecular methods, strains phylogenetically similar to Karp make up approximately 40% of all genotyped isolates, followed by the JG genotype group (Japan strains serotypically similar to the Gilliam strain but genetically non-Gilliam; 18% of all genotyped isolates). Three other genotype groups (Kato-related, Kawasaki-like, and TA763-like) each represent approximately 10% of genotyped isolates. Strains genetically similar to the Gilliam strain make up only 5% of isolates. Strains from these groups should be included in any potential vaccine.

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“…The eschar is a good source of O. tsutsugamushi genetic material and is available for a relatively long time compared with the buffy coat, which is only useful early in the infection. [1][2][3] O. tsutsugamushi has over 20 antigenically distinct, regionally distributed serotypes. 4 Knowledge of serotype epidemiology is important for accurate serologic diagnosis and future vaccine development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Drift of Orientia tsutsugamushi in South Korea as Identified by the Sequence Analysis of a 56-kDa Protein-Encoding Gene

Park¹,

Lee²,

Kwak³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study was performed to determine the nationwide antigenic diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi in South Korea. Sequence analysis was performed around variable domains I and II of a 56-kDa protein-encoding gene. We used eschar to overcome the disadvantages of conventional serotyping. The serological passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) was assessed based on the genotyping results. We analyzed 153 isolates from scrub typhus patients in major endemic areas and found that Boryong was the major strain (68.6%). New strains were also identified: Taguchi (19.6%), Kanda/Kawasaki (9.2%), and UAP7 (1.3%). PHA yielded significantly fewer positive results among Kawasaki strains ( P < 0.001), which are not included in the PHA antigen panel. In South Korea, Boryong was still the predominant strain, but the sequence analysis identified new changes in minor strains (30.1%). This antigenic drift had a negative effect on the PHA results. Periodic surveillance of the contemporary strains using sequence analysis is needed.

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Eradication of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from Patients' Blood by Chemotherapy, as Assessed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Persistence ofOrientia tsutsugamushiin Humans

Persistence ofOrientia tsutsugamushiin Humans

Scrub Typhus: The Geographic Distribution of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variants ofOrientia tsutsugamushi

Antigenic Drift of Orientia tsutsugamushi in South Korea as Identified by the Sequence Analysis of a 56-kDa Protein-Encoding Gene

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