CURRENT OPINIONT he recent introduction of a variety of novel preparations have stimulated the medical community to consider their application in a subpopulation of aging males.Androgen deficiency in the aging male (ADAM) or andropause is purported to be a common condition in men over 40, characterized by a constellation of symptoms including increased mental irritability, decreased muscle strength and libido, and vasomotor manifestations loosely correlated with falling testosterone levels. In addition, the accompanying effects of this hypogonadal state include osteopenia and possibly increased cardiac morbidity (1).If we use current acceptable testosterone ranges, 7% of men aged 40 to 50 years, 20% aged 60 to 80 years and 35% of men over 80 years of age would have below-normal serum testosterone (2). Not all of these men will exhibit the ADAM symptom complex, although few men over the age of 40 years will not admit to decrease in sexual appetite and energy levels, contributing to the difficulty in establishing a proper diagnosis. (3) Without significant scientific evidence to support this therapeutic intervention, physicians have been asked to consider treating these men with testosterone. In addition to declining testosterone levels with age, many other factors such as a decrease in adrenal hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and growth hormone as well as a decrease in physical activity, are thought to play a role in these age-related changes (4).Little is known about the outcome of longterm treatment of older men with testosterone. In elderly hypogonadal men, testosterone administration positively affects biochemical markers of muscle and bone metabolism and can increase lumbar spinal bone density (5). We do not have clear evidence that this translates to a reduction in age-related falls and fractures. At the present time, there are good therapeutic interventions supported by prospective well-controlled trials that can increase bone density to the same degree as testosterone administration without the need for daily drug administration. (5).The relationship between testosterone and libido is strong but inconsistent. Despite the significant difference in bioavailable testosterone levels in older men, complaints of decreased libido are rare; the most common sexual complaint being erectile dysfunction (ED). Depression is the most common clinical condition producing decreased libido in all ages (6). Depressed men with significantly reduced testosterone levels may benefit from addition of testosterone to antidepressant therapy, but again the results are variable and scientific support scarce.