“…Internationally, procedural knowledge seems to play a central role in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) courses, despite the fundamental commitment to strengthening conceptual understanding (Altieri, 2016;Bosse & Bahr, 2008;Hallett, 2006;Qetrani et al, 2021) and the ongoing digitalization of our society. The literature confirms that mathematics is mainly taught, learned, and tested procedurally in tertiary STEM courses (e.g., Bergqvist, 2007;Bergsten et al, 2017;Engelbrecht et al, 2009;Zerr, 2009).…”