Ergot fungus<i>Claviceps cynodontis</i>found on Bermuda grass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>) in the Americas

Pažoutová, Sylvie; Odvody, G. N.; Frederickson, D. E.

doi:10.1080/07060660509507255

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…In another study, C. cynodontis clustered phylogenetically with C. maximensis and C. rhynchelytri , as well as a Claviceps sp. from Setaria geniculata . Ribosomal ITS sequences of C. cynodontis and C. paspali that are presently available in the EMBL/GenBank sequence databases share from 81 to 85% of their sequence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole−Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle

Uhlig

Botha²,

Vrålstad³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Tremorgenic syndromes in mammals are commonly associated with indole-diterpenoid alkaloids of fungal origin. Cattle are sometimes affected by tremors (also called "staggers") when they graze on toxic grass pastures, and Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon , kweek) has been known to be associated with tremors for several decades. This study reports the identification of paspalitrems and paspaline-like indole-diterpenes in the seedheads of Claviceps cynodontis -infected Bermuda grass collected from a pasture that had caused a staggers syndrome in cattle in South Africa and thereby links the condition to specific mycotoxins. The highest concentration (about 150 mg/kg) was found for paspalitrem B. Ergonovine and ergine (lysergic acid amide), together with their C-8 epimers, were found to co-occur with the indole-diterpenes at concentrations of about 10 microg/kg. The indole-diterpene profile of the extract from the ergotized Bermuda grass was similar to that of Claviceps paspali sclerotia. However, the C. paspali sclerotia contained in addition agroclavine and elymoclavine. This is the first study linking tremors associated with grazing of Bermuda grass to specific tremorgenic indole-diterpenoid mycotoxins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole−Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle

Uhlig

Botha²,

Vrålstad³

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Poaceae Barnhart

and¹,

Tyrl²

2012

Toxic Plants of North America

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New Claviceps species from warm-season grasses

Pažoutová

Odvody²,

Frederickson

et al. 2011

Fungal Diversity

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Eight undescribed species of Claviceps were recognized from the combinations of molecular and morphological characters. The teleomorph was observed only for Claviceps setariicola. Phylogenetic affinities of the new species inside the genus were revealed by a 5.8S-ITS-28S nrDNA analysis. Claviceps chloridicola, C. tenuispora, C. setariicola and C. setariiphila are related to C. maximensis; C. truncatispora is a sister species to C. pusilla. Claviceps clavispora and C. langdonii cluster with species colonizing maize and sorghum. The position of C. loudetiae is unclear. Comparisons with herbarium specimens showed C. setariicola as a well-established species on Setaria spp. in the southern USA. C. tenuispora was recorded on Cenchrus and Pennisetum in Brazil, USA, and Zimbabwe. C. setariiphila was found on S. geniculata in Brazil. C. chloridicola, C. loudetiae and C. truncatispora occurred in African savannas on Chloris, Loudetia, and Hyparrhenia spp., respectively. C. clavispora was found on Paspalum sp. and Urochloa sp. in Mexico and C. langdonii colonized Dichanthium spp. in the southern USA and probably in Mexico. The occurrence of C. pusilla on pearl millet in the USA (Texas) is reported and the record of C. sulcata on Urochloa brizantha in Brazil is confirmed by nrDNA sequence comparison with an African herbarium specimen. No alkaloids were detected in sclerotia and/or sphacelia of the new species.

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Ergot fungusClaviceps cynodontisfound on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in the Americas

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Indole−Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle

Indole−Diterpenes and Ergot Alkaloids in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda Grass) Infected with Claviceps cynodontis from an Outbreak of Tremors in Cattle

Poaceae Barnhart

New Claviceps species from warm-season grasses

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