Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952) and his genealogic-demographic department in Munich (1917–1986): An introduction to their family studies of schizophrenia

Zerbin-Rüdin, E.; Kendler, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<332::aid-ajmg3>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Epidemiologiske undersøkelser tok derfor blant annet sikte på å etablere arvegangen. Ernst Rüdin i München utviklet det som ble kalt "ärbliche Risiko-prognose", der man forsøkte å etablere tall for risikoen for psykiske lidelser hos slektninger til folk med alvorlige psykiske lidelser 2 . I praksis tok man utgangspunkt i alvorlige hospitaliserte tilstander som schizofreni og manisk depressiv sinnslidelse.…”

Section: Historikkunclassified

Trekk fra internasjonal psykiatrisk epidemiologi

Kringlen¹

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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SAMMENDRAGDen psykiatriske epidemiologis historie kan deles inn i tre faser. Den første fasen hadde sitt utspring i tysk psykiatri før første verdenskrig, var genetisk influert og bygget på alvorlig syke hospitaliserte pasienter fra de store asylene. Etter siste verdenskrig ble den psykiatriske epidemiologien, saerlig i USA, sterkt påvirket av sosiologisk og antropologisk tenkning der sosial klasse og sosial desintegrering var viktige uavhengige variabler. Man er interessert i både alvorlig og lettere psykopatologi i den alminnelige befolkning. Siste fase inntrer etter 1970-80 og preges av opptatthet av psykiatrisk diagnostikk, standardiserte intervjuskjema og mer sofistikert statistikk. De større nyere studiene fra USA og Europa viser at psykiske lidelser er svaert utbredt i befolkningen. Om lag 20 prosent av barn, voksne og eldre har såpass store psykiske problemer at det kvalifiserer for en psykiatrisk diagnose, og 50 prosent av befolkningen vil i løpet av livet utvikle en psykisk lidelse. Angstforstyrrelser og depresjon forekommer langt hyppigere hos kvinner enn hos menn, mens alkohol-og stoffmisbruk og antisosial atferd er hyppigst hos menn. Det har skjedd en klar økning av suicid, alkohol og stoffmisbruk gjennom de siste tiåra. Inntrykket er også at alminnelige depresjoner, antisosial atferd og spiseforstyrrelser i form av bulimi har økt. Dette er saerlig bekymringsfullt siden økningen har funnet sted hos den yngre garde. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe first phase of psychiatric epidemiology originated in German psychiatry before the first world war and was genetically informed and based upon severe hospitalized cases. After the second world war, psychiatric epidemiology was strongly influenced by sociological and social-anthropological thinking, especially in the United States. The studies were in general based upon samples from the general population, and one focused attention not only on psychoses but also on neurotic and sociopathic behaviour. During the 1970-80s psychiatric epidemiology entered a new phase. Standardized interview schemes and specific psychiatric diagnoses became important and sophisticated statistical analyses. Large-scale studies both from Europe and North America show that approximately 20 per cent of the population, children, adult and elderly, suffer from at least one mental disorder. More than 50 per cent of the population will develop a mental disorder in the course of their lifetime. One has witnessed an increase of suicide, alcohol-and substance abuse during the last decades. The clinical impression is also that common depressions, antisocial behaviour, and eating disorder, in particular bulimia, have been on the increase. The situation is worrisome since it is the young generation that is at risk.Den psykiatriske epidemiologien omfatter studiet av utbredelsen av psykiske lidelser i befolkningen og risikofaktorer assosiert med begynnelse og forløp. Den psykiatriske epidemiologi er således et viktig vitenskapelig grunnlag for psykiatrien. Epidemiologien er selvsagt også interessert i tids...

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Section: Historikkunclassified

Trekk fra internasjonal psykiatrisk epidemiologi

Kringlen¹

2009

Nor J Epidemiol

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“…Family histories, genetic and social, were recorded, registered, and statistically analyzed (Gottesman & Bertelsen, 1996;Zerbin-Rudin & Kendler, 1996). After 1933, forced sterilization was implemented.…”

Section: The End Of Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Reform Not Always Beneficial

Seeman¹

2007

Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes

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History is instructive even when the lessons learned cannot be easily transposed to a new time and place. The aim of this paper is to describe psychiatric reforms implemented one hundred years ago in Germany and how, contrary to their intention, they resulted, with changes in economics, politics and ideology, in disaster for psychiatric patients. The conclusion for our time is that the new and seemingly expedient need always to be questioned. If nothing else, the paper reviews an important era in the history of our profession.

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“…Kendler and Zerbin-Rü din [1][2][3] extolled Rü din's scientific contributions and lamented the fact that the continental tradition of psychiatric genetics is not fully appreciated in the anglophonic world. Two companion editorials [4][5] -an apparent stab at evenhandednessplaced Rü din's work in the context of his political activism but did little to calm the disquiet caused by Kendler and Zerbin-Rü din, whose papers drew harsh criticism from several authors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The information he collected could readily be put to malevolent use: as director of the Genealogical-Demographic Department (Genealogisch-Demographische Abteilung) at the German Institute of Psychiatry or the Kraepelin Institute from 1917 to 1945-he was appointed director of the Institute in 1931, subsequently becoming a Nazi party member with generous grant support from Hitler's Reich Chancelleryhe compiled a vast data bank (on the order of tens of thousands of families) in order to calculate Mendelian ratios, based on information obtained from hospitals, asylums and other institutions. The bottom line, then: Does it really matter if the harm visited upon countless psychiatric patients occurred not while they were actively enrolled in Rü din's early studies (those reviewed by Kendler and Zerbin-Rü din [1][2][3] ) but years later, and as a direct consequence of his ideology and actions? And what greater harm is there than maiming (sterilization or castration) or murder?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric genetics and prejudice: can the science be separated from the scientist?

1998

Mol Psychiatry

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Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952) and his genealogic-demographic department in Munich (1917–1986): An introduction to their family studies of schizophrenia

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Trekk fra internasjonal psykiatrisk epidemiologi

Trekk fra internasjonal psykiatrisk epidemiologi

Mental Health Reform Not Always Beneficial

Psychiatric genetics and prejudice: can the science be separated from the scientist?

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