Erosion and rheology controls on synrift and postrift evolution: Verifying old and new ideas using a fully coupled numerical model

Burov, Evgenii; Poliakov, Alexei N. B.

doi:10.1029/2001jb000433

Cited by 210 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As discussed by Burov and Diament (1995) and Burov and Poliakov (2001) Similar conclusions were derived from a study by Huismans and Beaumont (2011). In their study, they were able to reproduce a margin setting as typically observed in the south Atlantic by means of a model in which the upper and lower lithosphere are decoupled during extension due to asthenospheric inflow.…”

Section: Implications For Additional Subsidence Componentssupporting

confidence: 69%

Coupled thermo-mechanical 3D subsidence analysis along the SW African passive continental margin

2016

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Sedimentary basins along the SW African margin deliver information about processes, which occurred in the past and serve as a good starting point for reconstructing the margin's evolution. By integrating detailed information on the present-day configuration of the SW African margin into a 3D thermo-mechanical forward modelling framework, we attempt a margin-wide reconstruction of its subsidence history since its onset during breakup.The 3D forward modelling approach as applied on the SW African margin area makes use of the coupling between thermal relaxation of the lithosphere and flexural isostatic balance in response to sediment deposition and build-up of thermal stresses during lithosphere cooling.On the one hand, our results provide useful information about the behavior of the lithosphere during break-up and the subsequent post-rift phase. On the other hand, restored 2 paleobathymetries for specific time intervals during the post-rift evolution give evidence for possible uplift events superposed on the long-term subsidence history of the margin. Restored paleobathymetries are in agreement with conclusions derived from former studies and provided strong indications for the presence of a rather heterogeneous crustal configuration of the margin marked by a mechanical decoupling of the upper and lower crustal domains during most of the rifting phase.

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Section: Implications For Additional Subsidence Componentssupporting

confidence: 69%

Coupled thermo-mechanical 3D subsidence analysis along the SW African passive continental margin

2016

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“…The numerical studies mentioned above investigated fundamental mechanical folding and necking processes, but numerical solutions are also useful to study the coupling of folding and necking with other processes such as (i) the generation of heat during folding due to dissipative rock deformation (shear heating) and the related thermal softening caused by thermo-mechanical feed-back with temperaturedependent rock viscosity (Hobbs et al, 2007(Hobbs et al, , 2008Burg and Schmalholz, 2008), (ii) the conversion of macroscale mechanical work into microscale mechanical work during the reduction and growth of mineral grain size and related softening due to grain size reduction (Peters et al, 2015), (iii) the impact of metamorphic reactions on rock deformation (Hobbs et al, 2010), (iv) coupling of crustal folding or necking with erosion in 2-D (Burg and Podladchikov, 2000;Burov and Poliakov, 2001) and 3-D (Collignon et al, 2015) or (v) the coupling of folding with salt diapirism (Fernandez and Kaus, 2014). A detailed outline of a coupled thermodynamic approach to study rock deformation and the resulting structures is given in the recent textbook by Hobbs and Ord (2014).…”

Section: Numerical Simulations and Coupled Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Folding and necking across the scales: a review of theoretical and experimental results and their applications

Schmalholz

Mancktelow

2016

Solid Earth

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Abstract. The shortening and extension of mechanically layered ductile rock generates folds and pinch-and-swell structures (also referred to as necks or continuous boudins), which result from mechanical instabilities termed folding and necking, respectively. Folding and necking are the preferred deformation modes in layered rock because the corresponding mechanical work involved is less than that associated with a homogeneous deformation. The effective viscosity of a layered rock decreases during folding and necking, even when all material parameters remain constant. This mechanical softening due to viscosity decrease is solely the result of fold and pinch-and-swell structure development and is hence termed structural softening (or geometric weakening). Folding and necking occur over the whole range of geological scales, from microscopic up to the size of lithospheric plates. Lithospheric folding and necking are evidence for significant deformation of continental plates, which contradicts the rigid-plate paradigm of plate tectonics. We review here some theoretical and experimental results on folding and necking, including the lithospheric scale, together with a short historical overview of research on folding and necking. We focus on theoretical studies and analytical solutions that provide the best insight into the fundamental parameters controlling folding and necking, although they invariably involve simplifications. To first order, the two essential parameters to quantify folding and necking are the dominant wavelength and the corresponding maximal amplification rate. This review also includes a short overview of experimental studies, a discussion of recent developments involving mainly numerical models, a presentation of some practical applications of theoretical results, and a summary of similarities and differences between folding and necking.

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“…Over the last ~15 y, important insights have derived from numerical models (e.g., Burov and Poliakov, 2001;Lavier and Buck, 2002;Lavier and Manatschal, 2006;Beaumont, 2007, 2011) and from observations at mature, magma-poor passive margins (Boillot et al, 1987;Reston et al, 1995;Manatschal et al, 2001;Whitmarsh et al, 2001;Osmundsen and Ebbing, 2008) where activity has ceased, but early synrift stratigraphy is often difficult to image and sample due to deep burial and tectonic overprinting. Instead, this project will study the young, seismically active Corinth rift with a unique existing data set to resolve, at high temporal and spatial resolution, how faults initiate and link, how strain is distributed over time, and how the landscape responds during the first few million years of continental rifting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

McNeill¹,

Shillington²,

Carter³

2017

International Ocean Discovery Program Scientific Prospectus

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Continental rifting is fundamental for the formation of ocean basins, and active rift zones are dynamic regions of high geohazard potential. However, much of what we know from the fault to plate scale is poorly constrained and is not resolved at any level of spatial or temporal detail over a complete rift system. For International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 381, we propose drilling within the active Corinth rift, Greece, where deformation rates are high, the synrift succession is preserved and accessible, and a dense, seismic database provides high-resolution imaging, with limited chronology, of the fault network and of seismic stratigraphy for the recent rift history. In Corinth, we can therefore achieve an unprecedented precision of timing and spatial complexity of rift-fault system development and rift-controlled drainage system evolution in the first 1-2 My of rift history. We propose to determine at a high temporal and spatial resolution how faults evolve, how strain is distributed, and how the landscape responds within the first few million years in a nonvolcanic continental rift, as modulated by Quaternary changes in sea level and climate. High horizontal spatial resolution (1-3 km) is provided by a dense grid of seismic profiles offshore that have been recently fully integrated and are complemented by extensive outcrops onshore. High temporal resolution (~20-50 ky) will be provided by seismic stratigraphy tied to new core and log data from three carefully located boreholes to sample the recent synrift sequence.Two primary themes are addressed by the proposed drilling integrated with the seismic database and onshore data. First, we will examine fault and rift evolutionary history (including fault growth, strain localization, and rift propagation) and deformation rates. The spatial scales and relative timing can already be determined within the seismic data offshore, and dating of drill core will provide the absolute timing offshore, the temporal correlation to the onshore data, and the ability to quantify strain rates. Second, we will study the response of drainage evolution and sediment supply to rift and fault evolution. Core data will define lithologies, depositional systems and paleoenvironment (including catchment paleoclimate), basin paleobathymetry, and relative sea level. Integrated with seismic data, onshore stratigraphy, and catchment data, we will investigate the relative roles and feedbacks between tectonics, climate, and eustasy in sediment flux and basin evolution. A multidisciplinary approach to core sampling integrated with log and seismic data will generate a Quaternary chronology for the synrift stratigraphy down to orbital timescale resolutions and will resolve the paleoenvironmental history of the basin in order to address our objectives.

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Erosion and rheology controls on synrift and postrift evolution: Verifying old and new ideas using a fully coupled numerical model

Cited by 210 publications

References 54 publications

Coupled thermo-mechanical 3D subsidence analysis along the SW African passive continental margin

Coupled thermo-mechanical 3D subsidence analysis along the SW African passive continental margin

Folding and necking across the scales: a review of theoretical and experimental results and their applications

Expedition 381 Scientific Prospectus: Corinth Active Rift Development

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