Erosion, Himalayan Geodynamics, and the Geomorphology of Metamorphism

Zeitler, Peter K.; Meltzer, A.; Koons, P. O.; Craw, D.; Hallet, Bernard; Chamberlain, C. Page; Kidd, William; Park, Stephen K.; Seeber, Leonardo; Bishop, Michael P.; Shroder, John F.

doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2001)011<0004:ehgatg>2.0.co;2

Cited by 456 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Such a perspective is therefore still far from clear promoting us to pursue further studies of the molecular phylogenetics of the sisorid catfishes. It has long been recognized that paleo-drainages of major continental East Asian Rivers, draining the south-eastern Tibet plateau margin, differed markedly from their current drainage patterns (Brookfield, 1998;Clark et al, 2004;Gregory, 1925;Gregory and Gregory, 1923;Hallet and Molnar, 2001;Métivier et al, 1999;Seeber and Gornitz, 1983;Zeitler et al, 2001). In a recent study, Clark et al (2004) suggested that these rivers were once tributaries to a single southward flowing system, which drained into the South China Sea (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of Chinese sisorid catfishes re-examined using mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA gene sequences

Guo

Zhang

2005

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

105

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and biogeography of Chinese sisorid catfishes re-examined using mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA gene sequences

Guo

Zhang

2005

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

105

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“…The eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, which marks the eastern edge of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, is characterized by particularly high rates of exhumation and erosion. Here rock uplift rates are some of the highest in the world (up to 10 mm/yr; Burg et al, 1998) and are in part driven by rapid river incision of the Brahmaputra and glacial removal of bedrock (Zeitler et al, 2001). These rapid rates of erosion are evidenced by a steep river profile, high erosive index, and elevated stream power (Finlayson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Hren

Chamberlain

Hilley

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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167

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The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river drains a large portion of the Himalaya and southern Tibetan plateau, including the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, one of the most tectonically active regions on the globe. We measured the solute chemistry of 161 streams and major tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra to examine the effect of tectonic, climatic, and geologic factors on chemical weathering rates. Specifically, we quantify chemical weathering fluxes and CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in southern Tibet and the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya, examine the major chemical weathering reactions in the tributaries of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, and determine the total weathering flux from carbonate and silicate weathering processes in this region. We show that high precipitation, rapid tectonic uplift, steep channel slopes, and high stream power generate high rates of chemical weathering in the eastern syntaxis. The total dissolved solids (TDS) flux from the this area is greater than 520 tons km À2 yr À1 and the silicate cation flux more than 34 tons km À2 yr À1 . In total, chemical weathering in this area consumes 15.2 · 10 5 mol CO 2 km À2 yr À1 , which is twice the Brahmaputra average. These data show that 15-20% of the total CO 2 consumption by silicate weathering in the Brahmaputra catchment is derived from only 4% of the total land area of the basin. Hot springs and evaporite weathering provide significant contributions to dissolved Na + and Cl À fluxes throughout southern Tibet, comprising more than 50% of all Na + in some stream systems. Carbonate weathering generates 80-90% of all dissolved Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ cations in much of the Yarlung Tsangpo catchment.

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“…Changes in the extent of glaciers and snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau provide significant feedbacks in climate modelling, which requires understanding the nature of glacial fluctuations (Dey and Bhanu Kumar, 1982;Dey et al, 1985;Bush, 2000). Tibet is also an ideal natural laboratory to examine the relationship between global climate and the processes of continental-continental collisions, tectonic aneurysm (Zeitler et al, 2001) and glacial buzzsaw (Porter, 1989;Brozovic et al, 1997) models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Owen

Caffee

Finkel

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

212

143

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Glacial geological evidence from throughout the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen is examined to determine the timing and extent of late Quaternary glaciation in this region and its relation to similar changes on a global scale. The evidence summarised here supports the existence of expanded ice caps and extensive valley glacier systems throughout the region during the late Quaternary. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the timing of the extent of maximum glaciation was synchronous throughout the entire region or whether the response was more varied. The lack of organic material needed for radiocarbon dating has hindered past progress in glacial reconstruction; however, application of optically stimulated luminescence and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide methods has recently expanded the number of chronologies throughout the region. Limits to the precision and accuracy available with these methods and, more importantly, geological uncertainty imposed by processes of moraine formation and alteration both conspire to limit the time resolution on which correlations can be made to Milankovitch timescales (several ka). In order to put all studies on a common scale, well-dated sites have been re-evaluated and all the published terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ages for moraine boulders and glacially eroded surfaces in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen have been recalculated. Locally detailed studies indicate that there are considerable variations in the extent of glaciation from one region to the next during a glaciation. Glaciers throughout monsoon-influenced Tibet, the Himalaya and the Transhimalaya are likely synchronous both with climate change resulting from oscillations in the South Asian monsoon and with Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. In contrast, glaciers in Pamir in the far western regions of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen advanced asynchronously relative to the other regions that are monsooninfluenced regions and appear to be mainly in phase with the Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. Broad patterns of local and regional variability based on equilibrium-line altitudes have yet to be fully assessed, but have the potential to help define changes in climatic gradients over time.

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Erosion, Himalayan Geodynamics, and the Geomorphology of Metamorphism

Cited by 456 publications

References 42 publications

Phylogeny and biogeography of Chinese sisorid catfishes re-examined using mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA gene sequences

Phylogeny and biogeography of Chinese sisorid catfishes re-examined using mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA gene sequences

Major ion chemistry of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra river: Chemical weathering, erosion, and CO2 consumption in the southern Tibetan plateau and eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya

Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

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