Erosion of FEP Teflon and PMMA by VUV Radiation and Hyperthermal O or Ar Atoms

Zhang, Jianming; Lindholm, Ned F.; Brunsvold, Amy L.; Upadhyaya, Hari P.; Minton, Timothy K.; Tagawa, Masatoshi

doi:10.1021/am800186m

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The changes in electrical behavior have been monitored and the structural changes of the material before and after the exposures have been studied with SEM . The durability of these PI‐based composites is not expected to be affected by solar vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, as the similar polyimide, Kapton, has been shown to be insensitive to VUV radiation …”

Section: D‐c/pi As a Protective Materials For Space Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Graphene-Infused Polyimide with Enhanced Electrothermal Performance for Long-Term Flexible Space Applications

Loeblein

Bolker²,

Tsang³

et al. 2015

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Polyimides (PIs) have been praised for their high thermal stability, high modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, ease of fabrication, and moldability. They are currently the standard choice for both substrates for flexible electronics and space shielding, as they render high temperature and UV stability and toughness. However, their poor thermal conductivity and completely electrically insulating characteristics have caused other limitations, such as thermal management challenges for flexible high-power electronics and spacecraft electrostatic charging. In order to target these issues, a hybrid of PI with 3D-graphene (3D-C), 3D-C/PI, is developed here. This composite renders extraordinary enhancements of thermal conductivity (one order of magnitude) and electrical conductivity (10 orders of magnitude). It withstands and keeps a stable performance throughout various bending and thermal cycles, as well as the oxidative and aggressive environment of ground-based, simulated space environments. This makes this new hybrid film a suitable material for flexible space applications.

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Section: D‐c/pi As a Protective Materials For Space Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Graphene-Infused Polyimide with Enhanced Electrothermal Performance for Long-Term Flexible Space Applications

Loeblein

Bolker²,

Tsang³

et al. 2015

Small

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“…ion bombardment, where the contact angle increases in contact with water during measurement. These observations suggest scission or fragmentation of polymer chains due to plasma treatment and possibly photochemical processes [40,41] and subsequent loss of functional groups formed on these chains with DI wash. This finding explains the poor adsorption of AuNF on plasma treated POF probe as the aqueous AuNF solution may have removed the surface functional groups during the incubation of the probe.…”

Section: Optical Absorbance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PMMA Surface Functionalization Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Development of Plasmonically Active Polymer Optical Fiber Probes

Vasanthakumari

Sai

Klages

2016

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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In this paper, we demonstrate the development of plasmonically active PMMA optical fiber probes by the attachment of gold nanoparticles to the probe surface functionalized by means of flowing post-discharges from dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas for the first time. Polymer optical fiber (POF) probes (U shape to improve absorbance sensitivity) were subjected to reactive gas atmospheres in the post-discharge region of a coaxial DBD plasma reactor run at atmospheric pressure in different gases (Ar, Ar ? 10 % O 2 , O 2 , N 2 , N 2 ? 0.5 % H 2 ). Plasma treatments in Ar or N 2 gave rise to waterstable electrophilic functional groups on PMMA surface, whereas the amine groups generated by N 2 -containing plasmas were not stable. Subsequently, PMMA surfaces were treated with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) to obtain stable amine groups through the reaction of electrophilic groups. Gold nanoflowers (AuNF, 37 nm, peak 570 nm) binding to the amine functionalized fiber probes was monitored in real-time by recording the optical absorbance changes at 570 nm with the help of a UV-vis spectrometer. Absorbance response from Ar or N 2 plasma treated probes are 100 and 60 times, respectively, that of untreated control probes. A 25 fold improvement in absorbance response was obtained for Ar plasma treated POF in comparison with only HMDA treated POF. The shelf life of the hence fabricated plasmonically active probes was found to be at least 3 months. In addition, plasmonic activity of U-bent fiber probes treated in Ar plasma is better than the conventional wet-chemical activation by environmentally hazardous acid pre-treatment approaches.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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“…Extensive efforts have been undertaken in both space environments and ground-based test facilities in order to unravel the erosion mechanisms of FEP Teflon. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] FEP Teflon has strong absorption bands at VUV wavelengths. VUV radiation breaks C-C and C-F bonds and creates fragments that become volatile.…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Atomic Oxygen and Ultraviolet Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar experimental results showed no synergistic effect on AOinduced erosion of FEP (as well as poly(methyl methacrylate)) with a D 2 lamp. 30,40,41 A laser detonation source with a high-speed chopper wheel to block VUV light from an oxygen or Ar plasma in a laser detonation source was used in the experiment, in a similar manner to the experiment just discussed. They measured the volatile oxygen-containing products from FEP (CFO + and CF 2 O + ) and the erosion yields of exposed FEP samples and reached the same conclusion.…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Atomic Oxygen and Ultraviolet Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Studies of Atomic Oxygen Reactions with Polymers and Combined Effects with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light

Tagawa¹,

Minton²

2010

MRS Bull.

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This article focuses on mechanistic aspects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen reactions with polymers, which are the major contributor to material degradation in low Earth orbit. Due to the importance of well-controlled experiments in the understanding of the reaction mechanisms, ground-based experimental results obtained by a hyperthermal atomic oxygen beam generated by laser detonation facilities are mainly surveyed. Combined effects of atomic oxygen and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light on fluorinated polymers are also described. Such combined effects of hyperthermal atomic oxygen and VUV light are important not only from a fundamental point of view but also for engineering purposes (i.e., methodology for ground-based space environmental simulation). The VUV-sensitive polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), and Teflonfluorinated ethylene-propylene do not show significant synergistic effects. Instead, the effect of combining atomic oxygen and VUV light produces erosion of the polymer that is the sum of the erosion caused by atomic oxygen and UV light acting individually. The experimental results suggest that material erosion in a complicated space environment may be quantitatively predicted if the erosion yields caused by the individual action of atomic oxygen and VUV light are known. sion energy, AO erodes many polymeric materials used in LEO. 1-3 The AO-induced erosion phenomena were recognized in early space shuttle missions. Many flight and ground-based experiments have been conducted to discover the reactivity of high-energy collisions of AO with various materials. 4-7 Since direct collisions with AO are restricted to the materials used on the exterior surface of spacecraft, AO reactions with the materials that are used in thermal control systems, solar panels, and other exposed facilities have been extensively studied. 8,9 The hydrocarbon polymer, polyimide, has been widely used in many space applications because of its superior physical and chemical properties, such as thermal stability, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and heat resistance. It is well known that polyimide is eroded by hyperthermal AO bombardment in the LEO environment (see the Miller and Banks article in this issue). In fact, the erosion of Kapton H polyimide has been used as a standard to measure AO fluence, and such "Kapton equivalent fluence" is widely accepted for evaluating the erosion rate of other materials. 10 The erosion properties of polyimide need to be well understood, as the lack of knowledge of erosion behavior leads to uncertainty of the polyimide equivalent AO fluence.Another focus material in this article is fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) copolymer. FEP also has been used as a thermal control material in many satellites. The erosion yield of FEP by AO is reported to be less than one tenth of that of polyimide in flight experiments; however, FEP erodes much faster in ground-based AO simulation experiments. 11 Due to the susceptibility of FEP to VUV degradation, it has been doubted that a strong synergistic effect of AO wi...

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Erosion of FEP Teflon and PMMA by VUV Radiation and Hyperthermal O or Ar Atoms

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

3D Graphene-Infused Polyimide with Enhanced Electrothermal Performance for Long-Term Flexible Space Applications

3D Graphene-Infused Polyimide with Enhanced Electrothermal Performance for Long-Term Flexible Space Applications

PMMA Surface Functionalization Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Development of Plasmonically Active Polymer Optical Fiber Probes

Mechanistic Studies of Atomic Oxygen Reactions with Polymers and Combined Effects with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light

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