Erosion of steel under bombardment with ions of a deuterium plasma

Bardamid, A. F.; Брык, В.В.; Konovalov, V.G.; Orlinskij, D.V.; Shtan, A. F.; Shapoval, A. N.; Solodovchenko, S. I.; Voitsenya, V. S.; Yakimov, K. I.; Zakharenko, N. I.

doi:10.1016/s0042-207x(00)00227-x

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Such differences have been observed experimentally for copper [1] and stainless steel [2,3] mirrors subjected to sputtering by deuterium ions, and for W mirror sputtered with Ar ions [20]. It was also found that the differences in sputtering rates increased with increasing ion energy [1,2].…”

Section: Results Of Modeling Of Surface Relief Developmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Under the influence of high-fluence ion bombardment highly-polished mirrors fabricated from polycrystalline metals are observed to develop a complex step structure relief [1][2][3], attributed to the difference of the sputtering yield of grains with different crystal orientation relative to the surface [3]. The relief can be characterized with modern microscopy methods as optical interference microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of surface relief on polycrystalline metals due to sputtering

Voitsenya

Balden

Bardamid

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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The characteristics of surface microrelief that appear in sputtering experiments with polycrystalline metals of various grain sizes have been studied. Specimens with grain sizes varying from 30 -70 nm in the case of crystallized amorphous alloys, to 1 -3 µm for technical tungsten grade and 10 -100 μm for recrystallized tungsten were investigated. A model is proposed for the development of roughness on polycrystalline metals which is based on the dependence of sputtering rate on crystal orientation. The results of the modeling are in good agreement with experiments showing that the length scale of roughness is much larger than the grain size. Voitsenya et al.Surface relief due to sputtering of polycrystalline metals

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Section: Results Of Modeling Of Surface Relief Developmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of surface relief on polycrystalline metals due to sputtering

Voitsenya

Balden

Bardamid

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…During sputtering of the PC mirror surface, gradually a relief develops, which is due to the fact that differently oriented grains in the metal are sputtered at different rates. In this way a stepped surface structure arises [6,7], with different plateaus that relate to the different crystal face orientations.…”

Section: Mirrors For the Near Uv And Visible Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4). Reflectivity degradation of SS mirrors exposed to hydrogen plasma ions of different energies [7]. The average energy for ions having a wide energy distribution (470 eV) has been determined with due account for simultaneous presence of H + , H 2 + and H 3 + ions in the hydrogen plasma.…”

Section: Mirrors For the Near Uv And Visible Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions

Voitsenya¹,

Bardamid²,

Donné³

2016

PHY

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In the experimental fusion reactor ITER, the plasma-facing component of each optical and/or laser diagnostic needs to be based on reflective optics with at least one mirror (first mirror) facing the thermonuclear plasma. The different kinds of radiation emanating from the burning plasma (neutrons, neutral atoms, electromagnetic radiation) create hostile operating conditions for the first mirrors. Therefore, a special program has been set up under the ITER framework aimed at solving the first mirror problem. This paper will review the main results in this field that have been obtained in the Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” (in many cases in cooperation with groups of other countries, as indicated in corresponding parts of the manuscript) during long-term investigations directed to find a solution of this problem,i.e., to find a material and accompanying precautions in order to satisfy the requirements for first mirrors. The main efforts were devoted to finding solutions to overcome the impact of the most severe deteriorating factors resulting in degradation of the optical properties of mirrors: sputtering by charge exchange atoms and deposition of contaminants. The obtained results are focused on: the effects of long term sputtering on mirror specimens fabricated from different metals with different structures (polycrystals, single crystals, metal film on metal substrates, amorphous), the effects of contaminating film and the possible protection to avoid of its appearance, the role of chemical processes for some metal mirrors, and the choice of material of laser mirrors.

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