Erosion of Surfaces by Liquid Drops

Jenkins, D. C.

doi:10.1038/176303a0

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A supersonic jet with its own shock pattern would result in even more complex shock wave structures due to the interactions of the two shock forming systems and a further increase in atomisation rates is likely. To date, there has been only limited research on intermittent, supersonic jets, much of this directed towards jet cutting and cleaning processes that require a coherent jet [6,7,8]. Atomisation has not been the prime criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed, Supersonic Fuel Jets - Their Characteristics and Potential for Improved Diesel Engine Injection

Milton

2004

Proceeding of CHT-04 - Advances in Computational Heat Transfer III. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium

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High pressure fuel injection has provided considerable benefits for diesel engines, substantially reducing smoke levels while increasing efficiency. Current maximum pressures provide jets that are at less than the sonic velocity of the compressed air in the cylinders at injection. It has been postulated that a further increase into the supersonic range may benefit the combustion process due to increased aerodynamic atomisation and the presence of jet bow shock waves that provide higher temperatures around the fuel. Pulsed, supersonic injection may also be beneficial for scramjet engines. The current program is examining pulsed, supersonic jets from a fundamental viewpoint both experimentally and numerically. Shock wave structures have been viewed for jets ranging from 600 to 2,400 m/s, velocity attenuation and penetration distance measured, different nozzle profiles examined and autoignition experiments carried out. Inside the nozzle sac, numerical simulation using the Autodyne code has been used to support an analytic approach while within the spray, the Fluent code has been applied. Although the modelling is extremely complex, global comparisons show good agreement with experiment. Hence, information on the mixing zone can be inferred. While the benefits of supersonic fuel jets have not yet been defined, it appears that some earlier claims regarding autoignition at atmospheric conditions were optimistic but that increased evaporation and mixing are probable. The higher jet velocities are likely to mean that wall interactions are increased and hence matching such injectors to combustion chamber size and airflow patterns will be important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed, Supersonic Fuel Jets - Their Characteristics and Potential for Improved Diesel Engine Injection

Milton

2004

Proceeding of CHT-04 - Advances in Computational Heat Transfer III. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium

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“…Supersonic liquid jets have been studied in various engineering fields such as material cutting, diesel injection and aerospace rocket nose design, to obtain the supersonic liquid jet break-up and shock wave structure mechanisms [1][2][3]. In the case of diesel injection, nowadays, operating pressures may exceed 200 MPa, so injection velocities can reach supersonic speeds [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Atomization and Structure of Supersonic Liquid Jet with Various Viscosities of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Shin¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

OJFD

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These experimental investigations are designed to study shock wave characteristics and spray structure. Supersonic liquid jets injected into ambient fields are empirically studied using projectile impacts in a two-stage light gas gun. This study looks primarily at the design of the nozzle assembly, the tip velocity of the high speed jet, the structure of the spray jet and the shock wave generation process. The supersonic liquid jets were visualized using an ultra high-speed camera and the schlieren system for visualization to quantitatively analyze the shock wave angle. The experimental results with straight cone nozzle types and various non-Newtonian fluid viscosities are presented in this paper. The effects of nozzle geometry on the jet behavior are described. The characteristics of the shock wave generation and spray jet structure were found to be significantly related to the nozzle geometry. The expansion gases accelerated the projectile, which had a mass of 6 grams, from 250 m/s. As a result, it was found that the maximum jet velocity appeared in the liquid jet with high viscosity properties. Supersonic liquid jets, which occurred at the leading edge the shock waves and the compression waves in front of the jets, were observed. Also, the shock waves significantly affected the atomization process for each spray droplet.

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Desorption and absorption of gases by drops during impact

Dixon

Hands

1957

J. Appl. Chem.

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A study has been made of the desorption and absorption of gases by liquid drops during the period of their impact on various types of surfaces, following previous work on absorption during formation and during flight of drops. On impinging on a surface, drops form spray, and ‘residual liquid’ which is not detached from the surface and ultimately drains away. The amount of desorption in the spray does not vary greatly with either the height of fall of the drops or the type of surface. In the residual liquid, poor desorption is obtained with ‘dry’ surfaces, i.e. well‐drained surfaces with an average liquid depth of less than 0·1 mm., and relatively good desorption with ‘wet’ surfaces. Desorption in the residual liquid increases to a moderate extent with the velocity of drops before impact, but appears to be little affected by the nature or the contour of the surfaces tested. The process of absorption or desorption is interpreted in terms of the dynamics of the impinging drop. For desorption measurements, water drops containing carbon dioxide were used; as far as could be judged by a limited number of experiments, absorption of oxygen by drops of sodium dithionite or sulphite solution appeared to be affected by factors similar to those found in desorption.

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Erosion of Surfaces by Liquid Drops

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Pulsed, Supersonic Fuel Jets - Their Characteristics and Potential for Improved Diesel Engine Injection

Pulsed, Supersonic Fuel Jets - Their Characteristics and Potential for Improved Diesel Engine Injection

Spray Atomization and Structure of Supersonic Liquid Jet with Various Viscosities of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Desorption and absorption of gases by drops during impact

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