“…This combination allows the motion of every particle in the domain to be computed and takes into consideration the particle-fluid interactions. Because every particle is discrete in this method, the collision characteristics during the transport of solids can be captured specifically for each particle [4,5]. The collision characteristics include the impact velocity, angle, frequency, and location, and they serve as an input for single-particle-impact erosion models, such as Oka et al [6] or Ben-Ami et al [7], of collision data and can be summed to obtain the discrete wear depth along the pipe component.…”