Erosion ripple formation mechanism in aluminum and aluminum alloys

Talia, J.E.; Ballout, Y.A.; Scattergood, R.O.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(96)06928-1

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…There was a clear erosion scar on the surface of every target material after it experienced repetitive singleangle impingement at 420 m/s from 1500-g solid particles, but a significant difference existed in the microstructure for five kinds of target material. Microscopic analysis showed that the eroded surface of target materials 1Cr9Mo1VNbN, 1Cr11MoCo3W2, and 1Cr11MoV had some regular erosion ripples as previously seen in the literature, 14,18,19,21,22 while the eroded surface of target materials 2Cr11MoVNbN and 2Cr12NiMo1W1V had only random concaveconvex scars, which is shown in Figure 4. Apparently, not all plastic materials can produce erosion ripples.…”

Section: Single-angle Erosion and Ripple Formationsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Microscopic analysis showed that the eroded surface of target materials 1Cr9Mo1VNbN, 1Cr11MoCo3W2, and 1Cr11MoV had some regular erosion ripples as previously seen in the literature, 14,18,19,21,22 while the eroded surface of target materials 2Cr11MoVNbN and 2Cr12NiMo1W1V had only random concaveconvex scars, which is shown in Figure 4. Apparently, not all plastic materials can produce erosion ripples.…”

Section: Single-angle Erosion and Ripple Formationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Ballout et al 18 confirmed that the tangential velocity of the impact beam was the main driving force in the formation of ripples on the surface of target materials based on the experimental evidence. The test results of Talia et al 19 showed the well-developed ripple formation on Al-12Si with beads used as abrasive, but no ripple formation with sharp Al 2 O 3 particles was used as abrasive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface ripple and erosion rate of stainless steel under elevated temperature erosion by angular solid particles

Wang

Cai

Mao

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The actual industrial erosion caused by the impingement of particles swarming from different perspectives is often different from the single-angle impingement of solid particle in the erosion test. In order to predict the erosion problems in practical engineering more reasonably, a series of elevated temperature erosion tests were conducted to study the surface ripple and enduring erosion behavior of heat-resistance stainless steel suffering from the single-angle impingement or multiangle alternative impingement of angular particles. The test results indicated that the surface of target materials with good ductility produced large-scaled transverse ripples and small-scaled longitudinal ripples after experienced a long-time single-angle impingement of angular solid particles under a 773-873-K high-temperature environment. The longitudinal ripples could accelerate the emergence and development of large-scaled transverse ripples. Initial erosion scars caused the differentiation of material deformability and plastic flow in the different locations of concave-convex scars, which further drove the evolution of the surface morphology from disordered scars to coherent ripples under the sustained attack of high-velocity particles. The more dimples the eroded surface of target material produced, it was easier for the target materials to produce coherent ripple. However, the interactions among the erosion behaviors with different attack angles made initial concave-convex scars difficult to evolve to coherent ripples under the multiangle alternative erosion. Further statistical results of erosion tests indicated that it can basically satisfy the practical engineering need by taking the erosion rate of initial surface layer as the erosion rate of the target material within the whole life cycle.

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Section: Single-angle Erosion and Ripple Formationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Single-angle Erosion and Ripple Formationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface ripple and erosion rate of stainless steel under elevated temperature erosion by angular solid particles

Wang

Cai

Mao

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…Transverse erosional ripples have been documented to form on metal and ceramic surfaces due to abrasion by particles entrained in air and flowing water (Figure 10) [ Bitter , 1963; Finnie and Kabil , 1965]. Particularly well studied is the formation of transverse ripples during the erosion of rubber [ Schallamach , 1954] and metals like aluminum, copper, and lead, subject to a flux of solid particles [ Carter et al , 1980; Griffin and MacMillan , 1986; Hovis et al , 1986; Ballout et al , 1995; Talia et al , 1996]. Similarly, studies of the effects of sandblasting on erosion of a copper surface found that for sufficiently long erosion times and impact angles of 10–65° (measured from the horizontal) a well‐defined ripple pattern developed, with mass loss greatest at glancing impact angles of 10–20° [ Carter et al , 1980].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wavelength of the erosional ripple forms increased with time to an equilibrium value, upon attainment of which ripple forms were maintained as a steady‐state erosional form during ongoing abrasion of the surface [ Carter et al , 1980]. Well‐defined erosional ripples form at low impact angles and such features become smaller and less well defined at higher impact angles [ Talia et al , 1996]; transverse ripples form when impacts occur at angles <45°, longitudinal ripples form when impacted at angles >45°, and hill‐and‐valley surface topography forms when impacted at near normal angles [ Griffin and MacMillan , 1986]. Erosional ripple formation can be prevented by continuously changing the relative wind direction [ Ballout et al , 1995].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic bedrock ridges on Mars

Montgomery

Becker

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Evidence for sediment transport and erosion by wind is widespread over the surface of Mars today and was likely a major geomorphic process for much of its geological past. Although Martian surface features resembling aeolian dunes and ripples have been recognized since the Mariner and Viking missions, such features have been interpreted previously as active, indurated, or exhumed sedimentary forms. Here we report evidence based on High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images that show some megaripple forms are eroded into cohesive substrate rather than being composed of loose granular material or fossilized dunes. Exposure of stratigraphic continuity within layered, cohesive material extending crest to trough through features with mean wavelengths of 18 to 51 m demonstrates the primarily erosional formation of what we term periodic bedrock ridges (PBRs). Hence some surfaces on Mars previously considered to be covered by winddeposited material are actually wind-carved exposures that offer windows into Martian history. PBRs lack the distinctive streamlining associated with wind-parallel yardangs and comparison of PBR orientation to yardangs, megayardangs, and active sedimentary dunes in the same vicinity confirm that these PBRs formed transverse to prevailing winds. Observed wavelengths of PBRs are comparable to those predicted by a simple model for erosional wavelengths of periodic transverse bed forms owing to the spacing of flow separations within the flow. Recognition of these transverse aeolian erosional forms brings up the question of how widespread Martian PBRs are and how many have been misinterpreted as active or indurated (fossilized) sedimentary dunes.

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