“…They develop parallel to sea level by a combination of physical and biological abrasion and biological and chemical dissolution (e.g., Focke, 1978;Kázmér and Taboroši, 2012;Neumann, 1966;Pirazzoli et al, 1994;Pirazzoli, Laborel, and Stiros, 1996;Taboroši and Ká zmér, 2012). Marine notches will form in the tidal zone under quiet and moderate conditions, whereas wave-stressed coasts usually lack them, wave undercutting and cliff collapse being faster than notch formation (Sunamura, 1992;Trenhaile, 1987).…”