“…Nonetheless, there were somewhat more thoughtful debates on the integration of experiments with theory-based evaluation. Of course, this is not a new discussion, but it reemerged, as I discussed in Randomista mania (Aston, 2023c), during a Kantar Public (2023) (now Verian) webinar on ensuring rigor in theory-based evaluation. In the United Kingdom, the Magenta Book guidance from HM Treasury (2020) includes a decision tree which implies, to some readers, that experimental designs cannot be theory-based.…”