Erratum: Culture and molecular-based profiles show shifts in bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract that occur with age

Abstract

After the publication of this paper, an error was noticed in the sentences 'Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region revealed that the AMZ-associated Prochlorococcus assemblages are mainly composed of two novel LL ecotypes (termed LL-V and LL-VI), which correspond to basal groups linking Prochlorococcus with marine Synechococcus (Lavin et al., 2010), the other dominant marine picocyanobacteria. However, no genomic or picocyanobacterium information exists for these AMZ lineages'. 'Picocyanobacteria' should be 'picocyanobacterium' and in the next sentence, picocyanobacterium should be 'physiological'.The publishers would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused by this error. These changes have now been implemented in the paper.

The development and application of a molecular community profiling strategy to identify polymicrobial bacterial DNA in the whole blood of septic patients

“…The paired-end Illumina 16S rRNA community profiling of bacteria has been successfully applied to human clinical samples to provide a more robust evaluation of polymicrobial infections [ 47 , 55 – 57 ]. To our knowledge, this was the first study in which paired-end Illumina 16S rRNA gene community profiling was done on whole blood.…”

Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection

“…In the nasopharynx, which is also lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium originating from the fetal endoderm, the community composition becomes more complex, although aerobic and facultative anaerobic genera like Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Dolosigranulum, Hemophilus, and/or Streptococcus spp. still predominate (28,344,352). Although generally found in low abundance, oral bacteria are common in this niche as well.…”

“…This process is dynamic and continues throughout infancy, resulting from exposure to new environmental factors including those that occur as a result of respiration and feeding. Ultimately, increasingly complex and niche-specific communities emerge (42,344). Natural selection for the microorganisms best fitted to these niches continues throughout life as the host encounters new environments and changes in diet, becomes a member of larger and different communities (e.g., day care, schools, military institutes, nursing homes), and experiences life events that alter the host's response to the environment (27)(28)(29)305).…”

“…Although a common (core) respiratory microbiome can be defined, including a wide range of mostly aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, relatively large differences in composition between individuals have been observed (28,261,344). Moreover, from a microbial perspective, the respiratory tract should be considered a concatenation of overlapping ecosystems.…”

Nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children is related to the frequency of upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis

“…A cross-sectional study of children and adults ( n = 51 children, aged 1–4.5 years; n = 19 adults) in Canada demonstrated that, like the gastrointestinal microbiota [ 4 ], changes in NP bacterial microbiota occur with increasing age; less diverse communities are observed in younger children and more even, diverse communities are characteristic of adults [ 5 ]. The beta-diversity of bacterial communities was more similar in adults compared to that observed in children, indicating greater heterogeneity in upper airway microbiota in early life [ 5 ]. Teo et al also recently demonstrated, using longitudinally obtained NP samples collected over the first year of life from a cohort of 234 Australian infants, that the NP microbiota undergoes compositional development during this period [ 6 ].…”