Erratum: Distributions of glass-transition temperature and thermal expansivity in multilayered polystyrene thin films studied by neutron reflectivity [Phys. Rev. E<b>83</b>, 021801 (2011)]

Inoue, Rintaro; Kawashima, Kousaku; Matsui, Kazuya; Kanaya, Toshiji; Nishida, Koji; Matsuba, Go; Hino, Masahiro

doi:10.1103/physreve.83.039904

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Thermal expansion has been measured and discussed previously when interpreting T g reductions in thin polymer films, ever since the very first measurements on supported films . Unfortunately, both the magnitude and direction of the change in TCE for PS films both above and below T g with decreasing film thickness is not consistent across the various studies . For free‐standing films, there is a limited number of T g studies and even fewer of those are with a technique able to measure thermal expansion .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above, below, and in‐between the two glass transitions of ultrathin free‐standing polystyrene films: Thermal expansion coefficient and physical aging

Pye

Roth

2014

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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In previous work we observed two simultaneous transitions in high molecular weight (MW) free-standing polystyrene films that were interpreted as two thickness-dependent reduced glass transition temperatures (T g s). The weaker lower transition agreed well with the MW-dependent T g (h) previously reported, while the much stronger upper transition matched the MW-independent T g (h) previously observed in low-MW free-standing films. Here, we investigate the nature of these two transitions by inspecting the temperature dependence of the films' thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) and present physical aging measurements using ellipsometry both below and in-between the two transitions. TCE values indicate approximately 80 to 90% of the film solidifies at the upper transition, while only 10 to 20% remains mobile to lower temperatures, freezing out at the lower transition. Physical aging is observed at a temperature below the upper transition, but above the lower transition, indicative of the upper transition being an actual glass transition associated with the arelaxation. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 64-75

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Above, below, and in‐between the two glass transitions of ultrathin free‐standing polystyrene films: Thermal expansion coefficient and physical aging

Pye

Roth

2014

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…For example, the T g of a 20 nm thick PS thin film has been reported to be 76 °C; for measurements at 25 °C ( T g – T = 51 °C), the elastic modulus would be expected to be decreased by less than 10% in comparison to that of the bulk PS ( T g – T = 76 °C) if the effect of a decreased T g is solely to apply a shift factor to the master curve. However, the reported T g in most of these thin films is an average, as the glassy films are highly heterogeneous with a distribution of T g 's through the film reflecting a decreased T g near the free surface . The top several (2–10) nm's of PS films exhibit rapid dynamics, which could be consistent with melt‐like mechanical properties and the significantly decreased T g near the free surface of PS films .…”

Section: Elastic Properties Of Polymer Glasses Under Confinementmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The direct measurement of the gradients experimentally is generally challenging, although gradients in T g , thermal expansion, aging rates, and viscosity have been experimentally reported generally using labeled layers in the thin films. However in addition to the spatially dependent properties, there is evidence for orientation dependencies within the thin films, which will impact the reported properties depending on the geometry of the measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of confined amorphous polymers

Vogt

2017

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Confinement of polymers to nanoscale dimensions can dramatically impact their physical properties. Substantial efforts have focused on the glass transition temperature (T g ) of polymers confined to thin films, but their mechanical properties are less studied despite their technological importance. In this review, challenges with mechanical measurements of polymer thin films are discussed along with novel metrologies that provide insight into their mechanical properties. A comparison of experimental measurements, simulations and theory provide several general conclusions about the mechanical properties under confinement. Confinement impacts the elastic modulus, rubbery compliance and viscosity of polystyrene, the archetypal polymer for confinement, but the confinement effect appears to depend on the measurement technique. This effect may be due to the details of averaging of gradients in properties that are dependent on the measurement details. Routes to minimize confinement effects are addressed. Despite progress in the measurements of mechanical properties of polymer thin films, there remain unresolved questions about the impact of confinement, which we highlight at the end of this review. 1,2 These concerns persist for polymeric nanostructures, where mechanical properties are critical to feature stability. 3 The mechanical properties of many polymers are dependent on their processing history,

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“…Finally, we note that the in situ neutron reflectometry protocol used herein may complement measurements of the slow dynamics (such as T g as a function of cooling/heating rate) in thin polymer films, which are typically measured by ellipsometry 66 or flash differential scanning calorimetry, 67 and enable novel investigations using the strength of isotope labelling to access buried layers 68 in a range of different materials systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–liquid equilibrium in polymer–fullerene mixtures; anin situneutron reflectivity study

et al. 2020

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Erratum: Distributions of glass-transition temperature and thermal expansivity in multilayered polystyrene thin films studied by neutron reflectivity [Phys. Rev. E83, 021801 (2011)]

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Above, below, and in‐between the two glass transitions of ultrathin free‐standing polystyrene films: Thermal expansion coefficient and physical aging

Above, below, and in‐between the two glass transitions of ultrathin free‐standing polystyrene films: Thermal expansion coefficient and physical aging

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of confined amorphous polymers

Liquid–liquid equilibrium in polymer–fullerene mixtures; anin situneutron reflectivity study

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