Erratum: Entropic Trapping and Escape of Long DNA Molecules at Submicron Size Constriction [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1688 (1999)]

Han, Jong Hyun; Turner, Stephen W.; Craighead, Harold G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.1394

Cited by 29 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.035901 PACS numbers: 66.10.-x, 82.65.+r Nanoscale fluidic channels represent a new regime in the study of ion transport. Recent advances in the fabrication of ultraconfined fluidic systems such as nanoscale ''lab-on-a-chip'' type devices [1][2][3] and synthetic nanopores [4 -6] raise fundamental questions about the influence of surfaces on ion transport. In particular, surface charges induce electrostatic ion (Debye) screening and electrokinetic effects such as electro-osmosis, streaming potentials, and streaming currents [7][8][9] that may have large effects on conductance in nanochannels, as suggested by studies of colloidal suspensions [10] and biological protein channels [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface-Charge-Governed Ion Transport in Nanofluidic Channels

2004

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A study of ion transport in aqueous-filled silica channels as thin as 70 nm reveals a remarkable degree of conduction at low salt concentrations that departs strongly from bulk behavior: In the dilute limit, the electrical conductances of channels saturate at a value that is independent of both the salt concentration and the channel height. Our data are well described by an electrokinetic model parametrized only by the surface-charge density. Using chemical surface modifications, we further demonstrate that at low salt concentrations, ion transport in nanochannels is governed by the surface charge. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.035901 PACS numbers: 66.10.-x, 82.65.+r Nanoscale fluidic channels represent a new regime in the study of ion transport. Recent advances in the fabrication of ultraconfined fluidic systems such as nanoscale ''lab-on-a-chip'' type devices [1][2][3] and synthetic nanopores [4 -6] raise fundamental questions about the influence of surfaces on ion transport. In particular, surface charges induce electrostatic ion (Debye) screening and electrokinetic effects such as electro-osmosis, streaming potentials, and streaming currents [7][8][9] that may have large effects on conductance in nanochannels, as suggested by studies of colloidal suspensions [10] and biological protein channels [11]. Here we present experiments that directly probe ion transport in the nanoscale regime, and reveal the role of surface charge in governing conductance at low salt concentrations.Nanofluidic channels [ Fig. 1(a)] were fabricated following a silicate bonding procedure similar to that of Wang et al. [12]. Briefly, channels 50 m wide and 4:5 mm long were patterned between 1:5 mm 1:5 mm reservoirs using electron beam lithography on fused silica substrate. A reactive CHF 3 =O 2 plasma then etched into the fused silica at a rate of 30 nm=min, and was timed to stop when the desired submicron channel depth was attained. The depth of the resulting channel, h, was measured using an -stepper profilometer. The channels were sealed by first spinning a 20 nm layer of sodium silicate from 2% solution onto a flat fused silica chip, then pressing the silicate-coated surface to the patterned channel surface, and finally curing the device at 90 o C for 2 h. The channels were filled by introducing distilled, deionized (18 M cm) water into the large fluidic reservoirs, from which point capillary forces were sufficient to draw the water across the channels. The electrical voltage source and IV converter were connected to the fluidic channel with negligible resistive loss via silver wires inserted into the reservoirs [ Fig. 1(b)]. The channels were cleaned of ionic contaminants using electrophoretic pumping: The ionic current was observed to decay while 10 V were applied across the channels to drive out ionic impurities. The reservoirs were periodically flushed with fresh solution until the current equilibrated to a minimum, which typically took 20 min. This procedure was also followed to replace different dilutions of 1 M potassium ...

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confidence: 99%

Surface-Charge-Governed Ion Transport in Nanofluidic Channels

2004

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“…[8][9][10]58,59 This device is schematically shown in Figure 7. The lengths of one repeating unit of the channel along the x-direction and the ydirection are L x 5 100 r and L y 5 50 r (r is comparable to the persistence length of the DNA chain, 50 nm, or about 150 bp.…”

Section: Ion Distribution Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are consistent with observations and are comparable to those of other simulation studies. 5,6,[8][9][10] The mobility of DNA chains of lengths N 5 100 and 50 as a function of the electric field is shown in Figure 10. The computed mobility of these DNA chains increases with increasing electric field and saturates at higher electric field.…”

Section: Ion Distribution Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 These simulation studies have yielded good agreement with observations. [8][9][10][11] However, some of the explicit solvent effects such as nonuniformly distributed electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects, and bound and sequestered water molecules 12,13 cannot be fully considered without using explicit solvent methods. As these effects play important roles in electrophoresis and other processes, it is highly desired to explore explicit solvent methods in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of DNA electrophoresis in systems of large number of solvent particles by coarse‐grained hybrid molecular dynamics approach

Wang

Liu

et al. 2008

J Comput Chem

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Simulation of DNA electrophoresis facilitates the design of DNA separation devices. Various methods have been explored for simulating DNA electrophoresis and other processes using implicit and explicit solvent models. Explicit solvent models are highly desired but their applications may be limited by high computing cost in simulating large number of solvent particles. In this work, a coarse-grained hybrid molecular dynamics (CGH-MD) approach was introduced for simulating DNA electrophoresis in explicit solvent of large number of solvent particles. CGH-MD was tested in the simulation of a polymer solution and computation of nonuniform charge distribution in a cylindrical nanotube, which shows good agreement with observations and those of more rigorous computational methods at a significantly lower computing cost than other explicit-solvent methods. CGH-MD was further applied to the simulation of DNA electrophoresis in a polymer solution and in a well-studied nanofluidic device. Simulation results are consistent with observations and reported simulation results, suggesting that CGH-MD is potentially useful for studying electrophoresis of macromolecules and assemblies in nanofluidic, microfluidic, and microstructure array systems that involve extremely large number of solvent particles, nonuniformly distributed electrostatic interactions, bound and sequestered water molecules.

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“…Furthermore, in a pressure-driven flow, DNA hops from pit to pit with exponentially distributed dwell times in the pits and a pressure-dependent mobility; this experimentally observed behavior is consistent with thermally activated transport across entropic barriers [14,15]. Previous studies focused on the statistics [10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and mobility [9,14,[22][23][24] of DNA in nanotopographies and interpreted the results in terms of the free energy in equilibrium. Here, by contrast, we probe DNA's diffusivity and its effective energy landscape as it is driven away from equilibrium.…”

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confidence: 92%