Erratum: Flow Experience

Harmat, László; Andersen, Frans Ørsted; Ullén, Fredrik; Wright, Jon; Sadlo, Gaynor

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28634-1_23

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although informative, these reviews have typically focused on a specific domain or specific questions, rather than examining flow science in its entirety (that is, across multiple conceptual issues and multiple contexts). Equally, informative books, chapter narratives, and conceptual reviews have helped to synthesize aspects of flow research (for example, Abuhamdeh, 2020; Engeser, 2012a; Harmat et al, 2016; Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014), including the collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2014a); however, no formal review has been undertaken to chart psychological flow research across domains (for example, sport, education) and scientific disciplines (for example, physiology and neurobiology).…”

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confidence: 99%

Advancing our understanding of psychological flow: A scoping review of conceptualizations, measurements, and applications.

Norsworthy

Jackson

Dimmock

2021

Psychological Bulletin

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Research on psychological flow is well established, although criticisms remain regarding conceptual and measurement issues associated with the construct. This scoping review maps flow-related research across scientific disciplines, examining the conceptualization, measurement instruments, and outcomes of flow between 2012 and 2019. Across 236 sources that met the review criteria, 108 different flowrelated constructs were measured by 141 instruments, and 84 possible antecedents were identified. Despite the varied approaches, a common set of overarching antecedent constructs included "optimal challenge" and "high motivation," and recurring characteristics of the flow experience itself included "absorption," "effort-less control," and "intrinsic reward." Applied studies-albeit inconsistent in approach and largely correlational in nature-predominantly linked flow to "positive development" (i.e., well-being and health), "high functioning," and "further engagement." We contextualize the findings of the review relative to important work on flow that has recently emerged (following the review period)in doing so, we hope this review offers a contemporary framework that can be used for the study of flow across scientific disciplines. Public Significance StatementThis review scopes flow research across all scientific disciplines and identifies key commonalities and differences in how researchers have conceptualized the psychological state of flow-an optimal experience often referred to as being "in the zone." It addresses inconsistencies and concerns of practical application that characterize some contemporary flow-related models and studies. This review also provides a framework--derived from the findings of the review--for the study of flow antecedents and experiential dimensions.

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confidence: 99%

Advancing our understanding of psychological flow: A scoping review of conceptualizations, measurements, and applications.

Norsworthy

Jackson

Dimmock

2021

Psychological Bulletin

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“…In flow studies, experimental manipulations for inducing flow are essentially based on a variation of the difficulty levels of the respective task. The difficulty should be either experienced as too low, too high, or as largely compatible with the individual's skill level [18]. According to this general logic, several previous paradigms were proposed by using different types of tasks (i.e., in the math, chess, knowledge quiz, and mental arithmetic paradigms).…”

Section: A Vr Task Paradigm For Flow Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Distraction in Weak Flow–Performance Link Based on VR Searching Tasks

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The weak association between flow experience and task performance (also known as weak flow-performance link) can reduce the positive effect of virtual reality (VR) applications. Distraction caused by incongruence between the primary task and interactive artifacts may be a direct factor leading to the weak link, but it has still not been tested. To empirically test this assumption and explore approaches to alleviate it, we developed the ‘VR searching paradigm’ and a prototype VR system, based on which three comparative experiments were conducted. Study 1 tested the effect of distraction and proved that high levels of distraction caused by incongruence can lead to the weak link (β =0.198, p = 0.391). Next, two common design guidelines were proposed to deal with distraction. Study 2 tested the effect of reducing conspicuous but task-irrelevant distractors (guideline 1) on flow-performance link. Study 3 tested the effect of providing visual cues (utilizing distractors to achieve task-oriented selective attention), which is guideline 2, on flow-performance link. The results of studies 2 and 3 revealed that both guidelines helped enhance the task performance without damaging flow experience, alleviating the weak link problem (β = 0.351, p = 0.031; β = 0.255, p = 0.041). Our results provide the first piece of evidence that directly proves the effect of distraction on weak flow-performance link, which helps improve the explanation of the mechanism. Moreover, this paper is the first that proves the effectiveness of two easy approaches to alleviating the weak link by way of guiding the user’s task-relevant attention.

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“…However, as researchers have pointed out that since employee’s emotional labor is dynamic and varies across time and tasks 35 – 37 , employee well-being outcomes that could only be manifested in the long run should be better revealed by longitudinal analyses 38 – 40 . Thus, in this current cross-sectional study, we decided to examine a well-being outcome which is highly momentary and instantaneous and is also of vital relation with dancers’ performance—flow experience, an optimal positive psychological state characterized by deep engagement, absorption, and enjoyment 41 . This concept, introduced by Csikszentmihalyi in 1975 42 , has been the focus of a large body of empirical work in positive psychology spanning over four decades 43 because of its prominent function of promoting people’s well-being 44 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional labor mediates the associations between self-consciousness and flow in dancers

Liu,

Liao,

Tan

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Emotional labor has been a focal point in occupational well-being literature, but studies have long overlooked an important group of emotional laborers: performers. This research represents a pioneering effort to examine dancers’ adoption of emotional labor strategies, their antecedent of self-consciousness, and the outcome of flow experience. We explored these elements both in the traditional setting of stage dancing and in the novel context of online dance classes without on-site spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that dancers employed all three common emotional labor strategies: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions, with deep acting being the most frequent. In the traditional setting, only the expression of naturally felt emotions mediated the positive effect of private self-consciousness and the negative effect of public self-consciousness on flow experience. In contrast, in the online setting, only private self-consciousness impacted flow through the mediation of deep acting and expression of naturally felt emotions. This exploratory study bridges dramaturgy-originated theories of emotional labor with empirical performing arts research, preliminarily advancing knowledge in the relevant fields of dance education, self-presentation, and flow studies.

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Erratum: Flow Experience

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Advancing our understanding of psychological flow: A scoping review of conceptualizations, measurements, and applications.

Advancing our understanding of psychological flow: A scoping review of conceptualizations, measurements, and applications.

Exploring the Role of Distraction in Weak Flow–Performance Link Based on VR Searching Tasks

Emotional labor mediates the associations between self-consciousness and flow in dancers

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