Erratum: ‘‘Highly sensitive interfacial mass detection using ultracompact waveguiding films’’ [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>64</b>, 2791 (1994)]

Hoyer, R.; Mangold, C.; Fattinger, Ch.; Heming, M.; Danielzik, B.; Otto, J.; Lohmeyer, M.

doi:10.1063/1.113096

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…The approximations in Eqs. (6) and (8) are valid for small c R . For the stated waveguide parameters, ∂N=∂n 0 equals 0.080 for the TE mode.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Focal Molography On a Thin-film Optical Wamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This is the reason why extensive research on label-free optical biosensors over the last 20 years has not changed the preeminent role of SPR in direct-binding assays [5,6,[10][11][12][13][14]. The sensitivity of all refractometric optical biosensors in direct-binding assays is limited by small, unavoidable refractive-index changes that accumulate over the propagation path of the surface wave; it is not limited by the accuracy of the measurement of the total phase shift [8,9,11,12], which may be improved for waveguides by elongating the propagation path of the surface wave [8,9].…”

Section: A Limit Of Detection Of Refractometric Optical Biosensors Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades, a wide range of transducer principles was developed to enable the direct monitoring of noncovalent biospecific interactions between unlabeled biomolecules in real time [7]. Refractometric optical biosensors measure the resonance shift or the phase shift of a surface wave (surface plasmon or waveguide mode) [7,8]. Label-free biomolecular interaction analysis with optical biosensors requires the immobilization of one interaction partner (the "receptor," in the parlance of this paper) in a thin layer on the sensor surface to which a complementary interaction partner (the "ligand") may bind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The layer forms a thin phase object that spreads over lateral dimensions of L with L ≫ λ, and λ is the vacuum wavelength of the optical surface wave. The thickness t m of the phase object on the supporting surface is small (t m < λ), possibly as small as approximately λ × 10 −6 [8]. Values of t m below approximately 0.1 nm resemble the averaged thickness of a submonolayer [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness t m of the phase object on the supporting surface is small (t m < λ), possibly as small as approximately λ × 10 −6 [8]. Values of t m below approximately 0.1 nm resemble the averaged thickness of a submonolayer [8]. The surface wave propagating along the thin phase object is subjected to a phase retardation that quantifies the concentration of ligand molecules at the binding sites of the immobilized receptor [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focal Molography: Coherent Microscopic Detection of Biomolecular Interaction

Fattinger

2014

Phys. Rev. X

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We introduce and theoretically investigate here a novel analytical method that we have called focal molography, in which molecular interactions are made visible through scattering of coherent light by a coherent pattern of molecules. The scattered light quantifies the presence of molecules at molecular interaction sites. It is separated from noncoherent background scatter by a combination of local dark-field illumination, interference enhancement, and spatial filtering. The latter is achieved by holographic focusing of the wave field generated by the coherently assembled molecules onto an Airy disk and by subtraction of the noncoherent irradiance in the focal plane outside the disk from the irradiance in the disk. This new microscopic method allows distinct detection of low-refractive-index contrast in the nanoenvironment of biomolecules from which information on the interaction of the coherently assembled molecules with molecules in a liquid or gaseous sample may be deduced. The noncoherent surroundings of the coherently assembled molecules consist of freely diffusing solvent and solute molecules. The surroundings, as well as changes in temperature, do not contribute to the coherent signal in the diffraction focus. Interference lithography or high-resolution-imaging lithography can be used to synthesize the coherent pattern of molecules on a monolithic substrate. The coherent pattern of molecules constitutes a synthetic phase hologram that creates a diffraction-limited light wave. We suggest the term "mologram" for the coherent assembly of functional nanostructures and the term "focal molography" for label-free or labeled analysis of molecular interactions through the measurement of the properties of light in the focus of the mologram. We derive analytical formulas that express the detection signal and the sensitivity of focal molography on the surface of a high-refractive-index thin-film optical waveguide in terms of known parameters. We discuss the implementation of a readout system for molograms on a thin-film optical waveguide by adapting a confocal laser-scanning microscope to a bifocal laser-scanning microscope.

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“…The approximations in Eqs. (6) and (8) are valid for small c R . For the stated waveguide parameters, ∂N=∂n 0 equals 0.080 for the TE mode.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Focal Molography On a Thin-film Optical Wamentioning

confidence: 90%