Erratum: Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes with vacancies and related defects [Phys. Rev. B<b>70</b>, 245416 (2004)]

Sammalkorpi, Maria; Krasheninnikov, Arkady V.; Kuronen, Antti; Nordlund, K.; Kaski, Kimmo

doi:10.1103/physrevb.71.169906

Cited by 72 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…353,354 It is interesting that the increase in the bending modulus was observed at not only high ͑200 keV͒ electron energies ͑above the threshold͒ but also at energies under the threshold ͑80 keV͒. This observation may be explained by the presence of SWNTs with small diameters in the bundle, and thus lower threshold energies required to displace C atoms and form links, see Sec.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…V B, either electron or ion irradiation results in the formation of defects in nanotubes. These defects, especially vacancies, have a deleterious effectdeterioration of axial mechanical properties of nanotubes, as computer simulations 291,354,[435][436][437][438] indicate. Experiments 10 showed that during electron irradiation with doses over 50 ϫ 10 20 e / cm 2 , the bending modulus started decreasing, which was understood in terms of the damage accumulation in SWNTs, and thus, a noticeable drop in the Young's ͑axial͒ modulus of individual tubes.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments 10 showed that during electron irradiation with doses over 50 ϫ 10 20 e / cm 2 , the bending modulus started decreasing, which was understood in terms of the damage accumulation in SWNTs, and thus, a noticeable drop in the Young's ͑axial͒ modulus of individual tubes. 353,354 Simulations demonstrated that small vacancies ͑from one to three missing atoms͒ relatively weakly affect Y ͑Ref. 354͒.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured values of about 100 GPa were close to the theoretically predicted values of 90-120 GPa. 354,435 At the same time, irradiation may give rise to irradiationinduced covalent bonds between tubes, Fig. 11.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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944

591

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A common misconception is that the irradiation of solids with energetic electrons and ions has exclusively detrimental effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known cases of doping of bulk semiconductors and ion beam nitriding of steels, recent experiments show that irradiation can also have beneficial effects on nanostructured systems. Electron or ion beams may serve as tools to synthesize nanoclusters and nanowires, change their morphology in a controllable manner, and tailor their mechanical, electronic, and even magnetic properties. Harnessing irradiation as a tool for modifying material properties at the nanoscale requires having the full microscopic picture of defect production and annealing in nanotargets. In this article, we review recent progress in the understanding of effects of irradiation on various zero-dimensional and one-dimensional nanoscale systems, such as semiconductor and metal nanoclusters and nanowires, nanotubes, and fullerenes. We also consider the two-dimensional nanosystem graphene due to its similarity with carbon nanotubes. We dwell on both theoretical and experimental results and discuss at length not only the physics behind irradiation effects in nanostructures but also the technical applicability of irradiation for the engineering of nanosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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944

591

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“…In contrast, another mechanism recently analyzed (18) needs no thermal activation but occurs at higher tension as a sequence of direct brittle bond-breaking steps, when a series of ''lattice-trapped'' states (19) can be identified. Further work has also begun (20,21) in computing how the defects can reduce the CNT strength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Symmetry-, time-, and temperature-dependent strength of carbon nanotubes

Dumitrică

Hua

Yakobson

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

203

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Although the strength of carbon nanotubes has been of great interest, their ideal value has remained elusive both experimentally and theoretically. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of underlying atomic mechanisms and evaluate the yield strain for arbitrary nanotubes at realistic conditions. For this purpose, we combine detailed quantum mechanical computations of failure nucleation and transition-state barriers with the probabilistic approach of the rate theory. The numerical results are then summarized in a concise set of equations for the breaking strain. We reveal a competition between two alternative routes of brittle bond breaking and plastic relaxation, determine the domains of their dominance, and map the nanotube strength as a function of chiral symmetry, tensile test time, and temperature.mechanics ͉ plasticity ͉ isomerization ͉ rate theory T he highest strengths of solids are obtained from specimens of utmost uniformity and perfection. Even a single defect can cause drastic loss of strength. Thin solid filaments (whiskers) have long been viewed as material structures that can sustain the greatest mechanical tension (1, 2). Small cross sections permit little room for defects in their bulk, and the only heterogeneity is caused by inevitable presence of the surface and the interfacet edges. Discovery (3) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offered, at least in principle, the next level of perfection, when in a cylindrical network all atoms are equivalently tied to the neighbors, and no ''weak spot'' is apparent. This intrinsic uniformity, together with the known strength of carbon bonds, must lead to extreme resistance to mechanical tension, as has been anticipated all along (4, 5). On the other hand, establishing the quantitative level of breaking strain and identifying the details of atomic-scale rearrangements responsible for initial yield turned out to be elusive both experimentally and theoretically.In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the atomic mechanisms of CNT failure. In experiment, refined loading techniques often based on atomic force microscopy and combined with electron microscopic imaging allowed one to measure the breaking-strain level and observe the overall failure patterns (6-10). The reported experimental values of breaking strain ranged within 2-19% because of variability of the samples and measurement conditions (6-8). In theory, bond rotation [that is a concerted movement of two atoms, known in chemistry as Stone-Wales isomerization (SW) (11)] has been recognized as a key step in mechanical relaxation (12)(13)(14). It leads to the lowest energy defect, a cluster of two pentagons and heptagons, 5͞7͞ 7͞5. In the lattice of hexagons (the nanotube body) it represents a dislocation dipole, which explains its formation under high tension. This particular relaxation step is most favorable thermodynamically, but because of the high barrier of SW (15-17) it requires thermal activation. In contrast, another mechanism recently analyzed (18) needs no thermal activation but...

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Sliding on a Nanotube: Interplay of Friction, Deformations and Structure

Chiu

Ritz²,

Kim

et al. 2012

Advanced Materials

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The frictional properties of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied by sliding an atomic force microscopy tip across and along its principle axis. This direction-dependent frictional behavior is found to correlate strongly with the presence of structural defects, surface chemistry, and CNT chirality. This study shows that it is experimentally possible to tune the frictional/adhesion properties of a CNT by controlling the CNT structure and surface chemistry, as well as use friction force to predict its structural and chemical properties.

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Erratum: Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes with vacancies and related defects [Phys. Rev. B70, 245416 (2004)]

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Symmetry-, time-, and temperature-dependent strength of carbon nanotubes

Sliding on a Nanotube: Interplay of Friction, Deformations and Structure

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