Erratum: Search for Strange Matter by Heavy Ion Activation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2416 (1998)]

Isaac, M. C. Perillo; Clark, R. C.; Deleplanque, M. A.; Dragowsky, M. R.; Fallon, P.; Goldman, I. D.; Larimer, R. M.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; MacLeod, R. W.; Nishiizumi, K.; Norman, E. B.; Schroeder, L. S.; Stephens, F.S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.82.2220

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The curves labeled 'c' [24] come from searches which bombard materials with slow moving heavy ions and watch for characteristic gamma rays which would signal the absorption of the ions by strangelets. For lunar soil, we have assumed that strangelets are diluted by geological mixing only among the top 5 meters of lunar soil while for meteorites we have assumed an exposure time of 10 7 years [25] (compared to 4 · 10 9 years for the Earth and moon).…”

Section: Results Relevant To Strangelets From Strange Star Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strangelets: who is looking and how?

Finch¹

2006

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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Abstract.It has been over 30 years since the first suggestion that the true ground state of cold hadronic matter might be not nuclear matter but rather strange quark matter (SQM). Ever since, searches for stable SQM have been proceeding in various forms and have observed a handful of interesting events but have neither been able to find compelling evidence for stable strangelets nor to rule out their existence. I will survey the current status and near future of such searches with particular emphasis on the idea of SQM from strange star collisions as part of the cosmic ray flux.Strange Quark Matter (SQM) is a proposed state of hadronic matter made up of roughly one-third each of up, down, and strange quarks in a single hadronic bag that can be as small as baryon number A = 2 or as large as a star. It was suggested some 30 years ago that SQM (of which a small chunk is called a "strangelet") might in fact be the true ground state of hadronic matter [1,2]. Whether this is true is still an open question today.The idea that Quark Matter made of only up and down quarks is stable can be dismissed immediately by the observation that normal nuclear matter doesn't decay into it. However, in the case of SQM such a decay would require several simultaneous weak interactions, making it prohibitively unlikely. The stability of SQM cannot yet be determined from first principles within QCD, but has been addressed in various phenomenological models. The most commonly used of these is the MIT Bag Model [3,4] which also has been extended to include the effects of colour superconducting states [5,6]. The results of such calculations are inconclusive, but for a large part of the "reasonable" parameter space in these models, SQM is in fact absolutely stable for baryon number greater than some minimum value (smaller strangelets are disfavored due to curvature energy). This minimum, depending on parameter choices, is generally larger than 50 and smaller than 1000 although shell effects which are important for A 100 may cause islands of stability at smaller A values. The key point is that SQM stability is a question that must be settled experimentally or observationally.If it turns out that SQM is stable, the implications would be potentially tremendous not only for the resultant direct and indirect understanding of the strong interaction but also for practical applications ranging from new materials (effectively, nuclear charges up to Z ≈ 1000 would become possible) to potential as a clean energy source [7].

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Section: Results Relevant To Strangelets From Strange Star Collisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strangelets: who is looking and how?

Finch¹

2006

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…Such a nugget density would corresponds to a concentration of nuggets per nucleon, N strange /N nucleons , that is much less than 10 −14 [152]. The upper limit on the concentration of strange nuggets per nucleon in terrestrial matter established experimentally by Brügger et al [153] and Perillo Isaac et al [141] is 10 −14 , which falls short of the upper limits that follow from strange star-strange star collisions as well as he flux of strange nuggets in cosmic rays. Consequently the results of Brügger et al [153] and Perillo Isaac et al [141] shown in Fig.…”

Section: Searches For Strange Quark Mattermentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The presence of high cosmic ray track densities in the sample suggests that the integrated lunar surface exposure age is about 100 Myr. Using the range of strange matter in normal matter suggested in [88], a limit on the flux of strangelets on the surface of the Moon was deduced in [141] and is shown in Fig. 14. A limit on the total amount of strange matter in the Universe follows from the observed abundance of light isotopes.…”

Section: Searches For Strange Quark Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Strange quark matter and compact stars

Weber

2005

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

690

280

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Astrophysicists distinguish between three different types of compact stars. These are white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. The former contain matter in one of the densest forms found in the Universe which, together with the unprecedented progress in observational astronomy, make such stars superb astrophysical laboratories for a broad range of most striking physical phenomena. These range from nuclear processes on the stellar surface to processes in electron degenerate matter at subnuclear densities to boson condensates and the existence of new states of baryonic matter-like color superconducting quark matter-at supernuclear densities. More than that, according to the strange matter hypothesis strange quark matter could be more stable than nuclear matter, in which case neutron stars should be largely composed of pure quark matter possibly enveloped in thin nuclear crusts. Another remarkable implication of the hypothesis is the possible existence of a new class of white dwarfs. This article aims at giving an overview of all these striking physical possibilities, with an emphasis on the astrophysical phenomenology of strange quark matter. Possible observational signatures associated with the theoretically proposed states of matter inside compact stars are discussed as well. They will provide most valuable information about the phase diagram of superdense nuclear matter at high baryon number density but low temperature, which is not accessible to relativistic heavy ion collision experiments.

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“…As an experimental signature the detection of gamma-rays emitted from matter activated by heavy-ion beams would indicate the presence of stable SQM. Results of an experiment using the method of heavy-ion activation with the aim of measuring the released gamma-rays are reported by the collaboration using the GAMMASPHERE detector (Perillo Isaac et al 1998). It is detecting gamma-rays in an energy band between 20 keV and 20 MeV using germanium and bismuth germanite crystals.…”

Section: Terrestrial Searches and Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%