Erratum: Spatially Assisted Schwinger Mechanism and Magnetic Catalysis [Phys. Rev. Lett. 
<b>117</b>
, 081603 (2016)]

Copinger, Patrick; Fukushima, Kenji

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.099903

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Among all the circumstances for anomaly, the one with parallel electromagnetic (PEM) field is specific because the background is already parity-violating even without involving any matter. In our previous studies [37,38], neutral pseudo-scalar mesons were found to condensate under the PEM field; and P. Copinger and K. Fukushima discovered that the Schwinger pair production (SPP) rate is enhanced by a semilocalized static magnetic field [39]. Furthermore, there is one very im-portant discovery for the chiral anomaly dynamics [40]: In order to understand the contradiction between massless case and small mass limit for chiral anomaly ∂ µ J µ 5 , one has to adopt the in-in (or real-time) rather than the in-out (or imaginary-time) propagator for the fermions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electromagnetic field effects in in-out and in-in formalisms

Cao

2019

Preprint

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In this work, we compare the effects of electromagnetic (EM) fields on strong coupling systems in two formalisms: imaginary-and real-time, which are different from each other when a finite electric field is present. The chiral effective Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is adopted for this study, and two kinds of EM field distributions are considered: pure electric field and parallel EM (PEM) field with equal electric and magnetic components. For both distributions, we find that the results of imaginary-and real-time formalisms start to diverge when the electric field (qE) 1/2 is larger than the chiral effective mass M = [m 2 + (π 0 ) 2 ] 1/2 , that is, when the Schwinger pair production mechanism becomes important. Besides, the chiral restorations are stiffer in the real-time formalism, especially the transition shifts to first-order instead of the second-order for the PEM field. The neutral collective modes are also explored accordingly: For the PEM field, more precise calculations show nonmonotonic features of their pole masses due to parity mixing, and then the Goldstone-like mode is found to be noneffective at the end of chiral rotation because of chiral anomaly. L NJL = ψ(i / D − m 0 )ψ + G[( ψψ) 2 + ( ψiγ 5 ψ) 2 ], (1)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electromagnetic field effects in in-out and in-in formalisms

Cao

2019

Preprint

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Euclidean mirrors: enhanced vacuum decay from reflected instantons

Akal¹,

Moortgat‐Pick²

2018

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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We study the tunneling of virtual matter-antimatter pairs from the quantum vacuum in the presence of a spatially uniform, time-dependent electric background composed of a strong, slow field superimposed with a weak, rapid field. After analytic continuation to Euclidean spacetime, we obtain from the instanton equations two critical points. While one of them is the closing point of the instanton path, the other serves as an Euclidean mirror which reflects and squeezes the instanton. It is this reflection and shrinking which is responsible for an enormous enhancement of the vacuum pair production rate. We discuss how important features of two different mechanisms can be analysed and understood via such a rotation in the complex plane. a) Consistent with previous studies, we first discuss the standard assisted mechanism with a static strong field and certain weak fields with a distinct pole structure in order to show that the reflection takes place exactly at the poles. We also discuss the effect of possible sub-cycle structures. We extend this reflection picture then to weak fields which have no poles present and illustrate the effective reflections with explicit examples. An additional field strength dependence for the rate occurs in such cases. We analytically compute the characteristic threshold for the assisted mechanism given by the critical combined Keldysh parameter. We discuss significant differences between these two types of fields. For various backgrounds, we present the contributing instantons and perform analytical computations for the corresponding rates treating both fields nonperturbatively. b) In addition, we also study the case with a nonstatic strong field which gives rise to the assisted dynamical mechanism. For different strong field profiles we investigate the impact on the critical combined Keldysh parameter. As an explicit example, we analytically compute the rate by employing the exact reflection points. The validity of the predictions for both mechanisms is confirmed by numerical computations. arXiv:1706.06447v2 [hep-th] 18 Oct 2018 7 Summary 43 A Effect of inhomogeneities 45 -1 -(2.1)The rate R is determined by the imaginary part of the one-loop Euler-Heisenberg (EH) effective action [1,59]. One can analytically continue to Euclidean spacetime and integrate 2 It is important to note that the effect of assistance requires in general the nonperturbative treatment of the weak rapid field, see e.g. [6]. Such a treatment is realised in the reflection picture.

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Signatures of the Schwinger mechanism assisted by a fast-oscillating electric field

Villalba-Chávez

Müller

2019

Phys. Rev. D

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The spontaneous production of electron-positron pairs from the vacuum-in a field configuration composed of a high-frequency electric mode of weak intensity and a strong constant electric field-is investigated. Asymptotic expressions for the single-particle distribution function ruling this nonperturbative process are established by considering the low-density approximation in the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation. An analytical formula for the density rate of yielded particles is established which is shown to manifest a nonperturbative dependence on both the strong and weak electric fields and to interpolate between the tunneling and multi-photon regimes. It is shown that-under appropriate circumstances-the produced plasma of electrons and positrons might reach densities for which their recombinations into high-energy photons occurs copiously. On the basis of this feature, an experimental setup for observing the dynamically-assisted Schwinger effect is put forward.

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Erratum: Spatially Assisted Schwinger Mechanism and Magnetic Catalysis [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 , 081603 (2016)]

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

The electromagnetic field effects in in-out and in-in formalisms

The electromagnetic field effects in in-out and in-in formalisms

Euclidean mirrors: enhanced vacuum decay from reflected instantons

Signatures of the Schwinger mechanism assisted by a fast-oscillating electric field

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