Erratum to: Diagnostic criteria for slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) (2012): report by the Committee on Slowly Progressive Insulin-Dependent (Type 1) Diabetes Mellitus of the Japan Diabetes Society

Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2016

“… Islet autoantibodies include glutamic acid decarboxylate (GAD) antibodies, insulinoma‐associated protein‐2 (IA‐2) antibodies, insulin autoantibodies (IAA), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) antibodies, and islet cell antibodies (ICA) (adapted from). …”

“… Type 1 diabetes is classified by the etiology as (A) autoimmune and (b) idiopathic and also classified by the manner of the disease onset as acute, slowly‐progressive, and fulminant. Patients with acute type 1 diabetes are generally likely to develop ketosis or ketoacidosis within 3 months of the onset of hyperglycemia and required insulin therapy immediately. Patients with slowly progressive (insulin‐dependent) type 1 diabetes do not develop ketosis or ketoacidosis and do not require insulin therapy immediately, although their diagnosis is established by a positive test for anti‐GAD antibodies or islet cell antibodies (ICA). Patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes frequently develop ketosis or ketoacidosis within 1 week of the onset of hyperglycemia, require insulin therapy immediately, and are characterized by having lower HbA1c values relative to their glucose values. …”

“… While there is no consensus on the effects of exercise on long‐term glycemic control, exercise is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and improved quality of life (QOL). (Grade B: 100% agreement) …”

“…Biguanides exert their effect by inhibiting hepatic glucose production as well as by improving peripheral insulin sensitivity. Current evidence demonstrates their usefulness in reducing macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although they are rarely associated with lactic acidosis, caution needs to be taken to determine whether the patient can be safely treated with biguanides.…”

“… Intensive insulin therapy that combines multiple insulin injection therapy and SMBG has been shown to also be effective in suppressing the progression of macroangiopathy (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease). (Grade A: 100% agreement) …”