Error and Bias in Comparative Judgment: On Being Both Better and Worse Than We Think We Are

Small, Deborah A.

doi:10.31234/osf.io/xqgp3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Overall, this study underscores the importance of considering the information available to the self and others when biases in social comparison are assessed (Mussweiler, 2003). Our findings are in line with the previous work that took a similar approach (Ross and Sicoly, 1979;Pronin et al, 2004;Kruger et al, 2008;Moore and Small, 2011), Within-condition just-noticeable difference (JND) results. Accuracy was measured by JND, defined here as the difference in gravity levels (Δgrav) where participants correctly identified the more difficult task in 80% of trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The contribution of sensory information asymmetry and bias of attribution to egocentric tendencies in effort comparison tasks

Stinson,

Kagan,

Pooresmaeili

2024

Front. Psychol.

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When comparing themselves with others, people often evaluate their own behaviors more favorably. This egocentric tendency is often categorized as a bias of attribution, with favorable self-evaluation resulting from differing explanations of one’s own behavior and that of others. However, studies on information availability in social contexts offer an alternative explanation, ascribing egocentric biases to the inherent informational asymmetries between performing an action and merely observing it. Since biases of attribution and availability often co-exist and interact with each other, it is not known whether they are both necessary for the egocentric biases to emerge. In this study, we used a design that allowed us to directly compare the contribution of these two distinct sources of bias to judgements about the difficulty of an effortful task. Participants exhibited no attribution bias as judgements made for themselves did not differ from those made for others. Importantly, however, participants perceived the tasks they actively performed to be harder than the tasks they observed, and this bias was magnified as the overall task difficulty increased. These findings suggest that information asymmetries inherent to the difference between actively performing a task and observing it can drive egocentric biases in effort evaluations on their own and without a contribution from biases of attribution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The contribution of sensory information asymmetry and bias of attribution to egocentric tendencies in effort comparison tasks

Stinson,

Kagan,

Pooresmaeili

2024

Front. Psychol.

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show abstract

“…Subsequently, among others, we considered the general crowd's viewpoint. People believe the general crowd is different from themselves in several ways, including degree of intelligence [36][37][38] and risk attitude 39,40 . Accordingly, we hypothesised that by considering the general crowd's perspectives, participants could make estimates different from their own previous estimates in response to the same question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On an effective and efficient method for exploiting the wisdom of the inner crowd

Fujisaki

Yang

Ueda

2022

Preprint

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Researchers have shown that even an individual can produce the wisdom of the crowds, called ‘the wisdom of the inner crowd’. However, the previous methods leave room for improvements in terms of efficacy and convenience. This paper proposes a more efficient method with low cognitive cost, based on findings from cognitive and social psychology. The procedure is to ask participants to give two answers to the same question: first, their own estimate and, second, their estimate of public opinion. Experiments using this method showed that the averages of the two estimates were more accurate than the participants’ first estimates. That is, the wisdom of the inner crowd emerged. In addition, we found that the method could be superior to other methods in terms of efficacy and convenience. Moreover, we identified the conditions where our method worked better. We further clarify the limitations of using the wisdom of the inner crowd, including people’s tendency to fall into overconfidence. Overall, this paper proposes an effective and convenient method for harvesting the wisdom of the inner crowd.

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Error and Bias in Comparative Judgment: On Being Both Better and Worse Than We Think We Are

Cited by 2 publications

References 63 publications

The contribution of sensory information asymmetry and bias of attribution to egocentric tendencies in effort comparison tasks

The contribution of sensory information asymmetry and bias of attribution to egocentric tendencies in effort comparison tasks

On an effective and efficient method for exploiting the wisdom of the inner crowd

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