“…The analysis of mathematical models includes tables, graphs, mathematical equations, logical statements, and verbal descriptions, which are means of describing system boundaries, system input, and output elements and their relationships, and any feedback between output and input variables to achieve the desired result of the relevant modeling [ 19 ]. Specifically, the different types of mathematical models of the system depending on the types of mathematical functions used in this modeling are presented below [ 20 , 21 ]: - Algebraic equation: It can be obtained by adjusting a curve in empirical measurements; for example,
- Equation of differences: They can describe time-varying systems with delay, memory, multiple variables, and so on; for example,
- Normal differential equation: It can be obtained from processes of reduction or increase of the examined variable state; for example,
- where a , b are the system parameters.
- Integral equation (an equation in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign): Known relationships that can be captured in the form of integral; for example,
- Differential equation with some derivatives; for example,
- where S , t , h , R , P are the system parameters.
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