Error Probability of DPSK Signals With Cross-Phase Modulation Induced Nonlinear Phase Noise

Ho, Keang-Po

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2004.826574

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As shown in the Appendix II, the BER of a DQPSK signal affected by both additive circular Gaussian noise and the XPM Gaussian phase noise process , and received by an interferometric receiver, can be expressed as 1 [10] (1) where is the modified Bessel function of fractional index , and is the signal to noise ratio (SNR), with the noise variance evaluated over the one-sided bandwidth of the optical filter. From (1) we find the following novel best-fit of the sensitivity penalty (SP) at a given reference back-to-back BER: (2) where is the SNR that achieves the reference BER, namely at , and at .…”

Section: Ber With Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that only the simplest case of such IM-XPM filter, namely the case of full in-line compensation, was used in [9] using the approximate filter in [10].…”

Section: Im-xpm Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence , so that and we note that the integrand must have Hermitian symmetry, so that the integral is twice that on positive frequencies. Since the optical filter also gives a spectral shaping to the phase [31], it is sufficient to restrict the range of integration to the bandwidth of the optical filter [10]. Also, it can be shown that , so that finally the variance expression simplifies to (7) Note that, when we can approximate , then from (23) and thus from (5) we get (see Appendix III): which is the approximate expression used by Ho ([10], (9), where is assumed).…”

Section: A Dqpskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each OOK pump at spectral distance from probe, the number of (independent) symbols that predominantly contribute to the induced XPM at a specific sampling time on the probe is related to both the uncompensated per-span walkoff accumulated by the pump over one effective length along the transmission fiber [10], normalized by the OOK symbol time , and to the (normalized) per-span average walkoff after in-line compensation , where [ps/nm] is the in-line dispersion per span. A little thought about the sawtooth sliding movement of the pump channel relative to the probe channel reveals that the number of interfering bits for each pump for time-asynchronous WDM channels over spans is For zero walkoff, since only one pump bit generates XPM on the probe at a specific sampling time.…”

Section: Appendix I On the Gaussian Approximation Of Xpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two analytical models have been proposed for such hybrid systems to estimate the penalty on DPSK and DQPSK channels. A first model [9] builds on previous work of Ho on DPSK [10] and is based on explicit formulas of the probability density function (PDF) of the received phase. A second model [11], [12] is based instead on explicit formulas of the PDF of the electrical current, and works only when the intensity fluctuations caused by XPM are dominant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Phase Modulation Induced by OOK Channels on Higher-Rate DQPSK and Coherent QPSK Channels

Bononi

Bertolini

Serena

et al. 2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-In this paper we show that, in hybrid wavelength division multiplexed systems, the performance of high datatrate QPSK channels impaired by cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the lower rate OOK channels can be simply estimated by an extension of a well-known linear model for XPM, and novel analytical expressions of the sensitivity penalty are provided. From such a model we prove that the reported QPSK penalty decrease with QPSK baudrate increase should be attributed to the action of the phase estimation process rather than to the walkoff effect. The model also simply shows how coherent QPSK is more affected by XPM than incoherent DQPSK, and allows to infer that even more impact is expected when the baudrate is further reduced through polarization multiplexing.Index Terms-Cross phase modulation (XPM), differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK), phase estimation, phase shift keying.

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Section: Ber With Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that only the simplest case of such IM-XPM filter, namely the case of full in-line compensation, was used in [9] using the approximate filter in [10].…”

Section: Im-xpm Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Dqpskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix I On the Gaussian Approximation Of Xpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-Phase Modulation Induced by OOK Channels on Higher-Rate DQPSK and Coherent QPSK Channels

Bononi

Bertolini

Serena

et al. 2009

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Advanced Lightwave Systems

Agrawal¹

2010

Fiber‐Optic Communication Systems

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Lightwave systems discussed so far are based on a simple digital modulation scheme in which an electrical binary bit stream modulates the intensity of an optical carrier inside an optical transmitter (on-off keying or OOK). The resulting optical signal, after its transmission through the fiber link, falls directly on an optical receiver that converts it to the original digital signal in the electrical domain. Such a scheme is referred to as intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD). Many alternative schemes, well known in the context of radio and microwave communication systems [l]-[3], transmit information by modulating both the amplitude and the phase of a carrier wave. Although the use of such modulation formats for optical systems was considered in the 1980s [4]-[9], it was only after the year 2000 that phase modulation of optical carriers attracted renewed attention, motivated mainly by its potential for improving the spectral efficiency of WDM systems [10]- [16]. Depending on the receiver design, such systems can be classified into two categories. In coherent lightwave systems [14], transmitted signal is detected using homodyne or heterodyne detection requiring a local oscillator. In the so-called self-coherent systems [16], the received signal is first processed optically to transfer phase information into intensity modulations and then sent to a direct-detection receiver.The motivation behind using phase encoding is two-fold. First, the sensitivity of optical receivers can be improved with a suitable design compared with that of direct detection. Second, phase-based modulation techniques allow a more efficient use of fiber bandwidth by increasing the spectral efficiency of WDM systems. This chapter pays attention to both aspects. Section 10.1 introduces new modulation formats and the transmitter and receiver designs used to implement them. Section 10.2 focuses on demodulation techniques employed at the receiver end. The bit-error rate (BER) is considered in Section 10.3 for various modulation formats and demodulation schemes. Section 10.4 focuses on the degradation of receiver sensitivity through mechanisms such as phase noise, intensity noise, polarization mismatch, and fiber dispersion. Nonlinear phase noise is discussed in Section 10.5 together with the techniques used for its compensation. Section 10.6 reviews the recent progress realized with emphasis on improvements in the spectral efficiency. The topic of ultimate channel capacity is the focus of Section 10.7.

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Optical Fiber Effects

2013

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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Error Probability of DPSK Signals With Cross-Phase Modulation Induced Nonlinear Phase Noise

Cited by 64 publications

References 46 publications

Cross-Phase Modulation Induced by OOK Channels on Higher-Rate DQPSK and Coherent QPSK Channels

Cross-Phase Modulation Induced by OOK Channels on Higher-Rate DQPSK and Coherent QPSK Channels

Advanced Lightwave Systems

Optical Fiber Effects

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