Error-rate performance of optical amplifiers

Henry, P.

doi:10.1364/ofc.1989.thk3

Cited by 75 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Henry [58] and Humblet and Azizoglu [59] analyzed the performance of 2-PAM (OOK) with optical preamplification and direct detection. Including signal-spontaneous beat noise and spontaneous-spontaneous beat noise, the photocurrents are squares of Rayleigh-and Rician-distributed random variables (i.e., central and noncentral chi-square random variables) for intensity levels zero and one, respectively.…”

Section: Pam With Direct Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Efficiency Limits and Modulation/Detection Techniques for DWDM Systems

Kahn

2004

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

289

138

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Abstract-Information-theoretic limits to spectral efficiency in dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (DWDM) transmission systems are reviewed, considering various modulation techniques (unconstrained, constant-intensity, binary), detection techniques (coherent, direct), and propagation regimes (linear, nonlinear). Spontaneous emission from inline optical amplifiers is assumed to be the dominant noise source in all cases. Coherent detection allows use of two degrees of freedom per polarization, and its spectral efficiency limits are several b/s/Hz in typical terrestrial systems, even considering nonlinear effects. Using either constant-intensity modulation or direct detection, only one degree of freedom per polarization can be used, significantly reducing spectral efficiency. Using binary modulation, regardless of detection technique, spectral efficiency cannot exceed 1 b/s/Hz per polarization. When the number of signal and/or noise photons is small, the particle nature of photons must be considered. The quantum-limited spectral efficiency for coherent detection is slightly smaller than the classical capacity, but that for direct detection is 0.3 b/s/Hz higher than its classical counterpart. Various binary and nonbinary modulation techniques, in conjunction with appropriate detection techniques, are compared in terms of their spectral efficiencies and signal-to-noise ratio requirements, assuming amplified spontaneous emission is the dominant noise source. These include a) pulse-amplitude modulation with direct detection, b) differential phase-shift keying with interferometric detection, c) phase-shift keying with coherent detection, and d) quadrature-amplitude modulation with coherent detection.

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Section: Pam With Direct Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Efficiency Limits and Modulation/Detection Techniques for DWDM Systems

Kahn

2004

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

289

138

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“…Although (11) proved to be adequate for deriving branch metrics for the VA, it is not adequate for performance evaluation. Indeed, as can be seen from Fig.…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, it can quite accurately predict the correct threshold but would give a BER smaller than about two orders of magnitude with respect to the true value. However, we can use the functional form in (11) to fit the actual pdf of the sample z k with very high accuracy as…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise is not present in [5], and the statistics of the received signal, necessary to compute the VA branch metrics, are conditionally Gaussian due to shot and thermal noise. Nowadays, all optical systems envisage the presence of OAs, and, as a consequence, the signal in the fiber is impaired by a noise that, in the linear regime, can be modeled as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) [11]. Since a square-law detector is present at the receiver end, postdetection noise statistics change [10], [12], [13] and can no longer be considered Gaussian.…”

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Maximum-likelihood sequence detection with closed-form metrics in OOK optical systems impaired by GVD and PMD

Foggi

Forestieri

Colavolpe

et al. 2006

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-This paper thoroughly investigates the maximumlikelihood sequence detection (MLSD) receiver for the optical ON-OFF keying (OOK) channel in the presence of both polarization mode dispersion and group velocity dispersion (GVD). A reliable method is provided for computing the relevant performance for any possible value of the system parameters, with no constraint on the sampling rate. With one sample per bit time, a practically exact expression of the statistics of the received samples is found, and therefore the performance of a synchronous MLSD receiver is evaluated and compared with that of other electronic techniques such as combined feedforward and decision-feedback equalizers (FFE and DFE). It is also shown that the ultimate performance of electronic processing can be obtained by sampling the received signal at twice the bit rate. An approximate accurate closed-form expression of the receiver metrics is also identified, allowing for the implementation of a practically optimal MLSD receiver.Index Terms-Chromatic dispersion, electrical equalization, intersymbol interference (ISI), maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), optical transmission systems, polarization mode dispersion (PMD).

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“…For optically-preamplified binary intensity modulation (IM) formats such as OOK and binary-PPM, the quantum limited sensitivity is ∼40 photons-per-bit [20,[36][37][38][39]. More complex orthogonal signaling formats such as M -PPM or M -FSK can be used to further improve the theoretical sensitivity at the expense of bandwidth, which degrades spectral efficiency by a factor of (M/ log 2 M ) as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

Caplan

2007

J Optic Comm Rep

118

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Free-space laser communication systems have the potential to provide flexible, high-speed connectivity suitable for long-haul intersatellite and deep-space links. For these applications, power-efficient transmitter and receiver designs are essential for cost-effective implementation. State-of-the-art designs can leverage many of the recent advances in optical communication technologies that have led to global wideband fiber-optic networks with multiple Tbit/s capacities. While spectral efficiency has long been a key design parameter in the telecommunications industry, the many THz of excess channel bandwidth in the optical regime can be used to improve receiver sensitivities where photon efficiency is a design driver. Furthermore, the combination of excess bandwidth and average-power-limited optical transmitters has led to a new paradigm in transmitter and receiver design that can extend optimized performance of a single receiver to accommodate multiple data rates. This paper discusses state-of-the-art optical transmitter and receiver designs that are particularly well suited for average-power-limited photon-starved links where channel bandwidth is readily available. For comparison, relatively simple direct-detection systems used in short terrestrial or fiber optic links are discussed, but emphasis is placed on mature high-performance photon-efficient systems and commercially available technologies suitable for operation in space. The fundamental characteristics of optical sources, modulators, amplifiers, detectors, and associated noise sources are reviewed along with some of the unique properties that distinguish laser communication systems and components from their RF counterparts. Also addressed is the interplay between modulation format, transmitter waveform, and receiver design, as well as practical tradeoffs and implementation considerations that arise from using various technologies.

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Error-rate performance of optical amplifiers

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Spectral Efficiency Limits and Modulation/Detection Techniques for DWDM Systems

Spectral Efficiency Limits and Modulation/Detection Techniques for DWDM Systems

Maximum-likelihood sequence detection with closed-form metrics in OOK optical systems impaired by GVD and PMD

Laser communication transmitter and receiver design

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