Errors in bone remodeling: Toward a unified theory of metabolic bone disease

Burr, David B.; Martin, R. Bruce

doi:10.1002/aja.1001860208

Cited by 108 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(175 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in mechanically tested bones, Currey (1969) reported a level of mineral content where impact strength was greatest but yield strength was relatively reduced. Therefore, mineral content differences in the opposing cortices of the calcanei may enhance other mechanical properties such as work-offracture and/or the energy of failure in their characteristic loading mode (Currey, 1969(Currey, , 1984aMartin and Burr, 1989).…”

Section: Circumferential Lamellae In Compression and Tension Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These images excluded circumferential lamellar bone. This was done for several reasons, including: (1) circumferential lamellar bone may have different mechanical properties when compared to osteon-remodeled bone (Currey, 1984a;Martin and Burr, 1989), and therefore comparisons of these two distinct bone types would be inappropriate in the context of the present study, and (2) circumferential lamellar bone was not present along the compression cortex of any of the horse calcanei, but was present in six of seven sheep calcanei (average thickness 0.44 mm), and was present in five of seven elk calcanei (average thickness 0.86 mm). Without exception, the images of the cortical regions did not overlap and did not contain trabecular bone of the microscopic porous transition zone between the cortical and trabecular bone types (Skedros et al, 1994b).…”

Section: Specimens and Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Skedros¹,

Su²,

Bloebaum³

1997

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Artiodactyl and perissodactyl calcanei have been recently introduced as models for examining bone for mechanically mediated adaptation. We have reported substantial regional variations in cortical bone microstructure and mineral content within the same cross-section of mule deer calcanei. In part, these variations may be adaptations accommodating the customary presence of predominantly tension, compression , and shear strain modes in mutually exclusive cortical locations. Calcanei from skeletally mature horses, elk, and sheep were examined in order to corroborate these previous findings. Methods: From each species, one calcaneus was obtained from each of 13 animals. Each bone was cut transversely near mid-shaft into two segments and examined for mineral (ash) content. From each species, an additional segment obtained from each of 7 of the original 13 bones was examined for microstructure using 50 backscattered electron images. Regions examined included the compression (cranial), tension (caudal), and medial and lateral (shear) cortices. Periosteal (P), middle (M), and endosteal (E) regions were also examined separately within the compression and tension cortices. Quantified microstructural parameters included: (1) secondary osteon population density (OPD), (2) fractional area of secondary bone (FASB), (3) porosity, (4) population density of new remodeling events (NRE resorption spaces and newly forming secondary osteons), and (5) secondary osteon diameter and minimum-to-maximum chord ratio. Results: Results in each species showed variations that are considered to be mechanically important and are similar to those reported in mule deer calcanei. Mineral content data suggest that remodeling activity in the compression, medial, and lateral cortices was occurring at a slower rate than remodeling in the tension cortex. In comparison to the tension cortices, the compression cortices have approximately 6.0% higher mineral content (P F 0.007) and 35% higher OPD (P F 0.01). Additionally, the compression cortices have more nearly perfectly round osteons and lower FASB, porosity, NRE, and osteon diameter (P F 0.05; except for FASB in horse where P 0.087 and NRE in sheep where P 0.520). However, patterns of microstructural variations between intracortical regions (P, M, E) are inconsistent when compared to data reported in mule deer calcanei. Microstructural characteristics between the medial and lateral cortices were similar although some significant differences were identified. In general, the microstructure of the medial and lateral cortices differ from the neighboring compression and tension cortices. Conclusions: Differences in mineral content and microstructure between opposing compression and tension cortices of these three species resemble differences previously reported in mule deer calcanei. The majority of the microstructural variations can be explained in the context

show abstract

Section: Circumferential Lamellae In Compression and Tension Corticesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specimens and Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Skedros¹,

Su²,

Bloebaum³

1997

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The adaptation of this single bone to a certain loading regime, different from that of other limb bones, is unlikely. However, the cartilage preservation could be pathological mineralization caused by metabolic diseases, such as acroarthritis (Burr & Martin 1989), caused either by an injury of the anconeal joint or by a metabolic disease of the individual. Pathologies to load-bearing bones (i.e.…”

Section: Taphonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Super sizing the giants: first cartilage preservation at a sauropod dinosaur limb joint

Schwarz

Wings

Meyer

2007

JGS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Re-examination of the sauropod dinosaur Cetiosauriscus greppini von Huene 1922 (Reuchenette Formation; Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic) from northwestern Switzerland has revealed a well-preserved cartilage capsule at the distal extremity of the right humerus. The capsule represents hyaline cartilage together with fibrocartilage and can be distinguished by colour, surface structure and histology from the periosteum of the bone. This is the first fossil evidence for articular cartilage in a sauropodomorph dinosaur. It indicates the presence of a large articular capsule on sauropod forelimbs, which was only hypothesized until now, and shows that the forelimb length of sauropods was larger than previously assumed.

show abstract

“…Bone strength must increase to redistribute these forces or stresses by altering the bone's microstructure through Haversian remodeling 5,9) . Mandibular loading occurs during mastication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical and CBCT-based examination of differences between deformed and normal human condylar processes

Kaneko

Asaumi

Adachi

2010

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:The condylar process is the most common site of mandibular fracture; however, the biomechanics of this site are not well understood. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a marker for vasculogenesis and the formation of bone. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is also a biochemical marker of bone formation. To better understand the biomechanics of the condylar process, we examined the structure of the heads and necks of human mandibles from 35 male cadavers aged 25 to 90 years (mean, 61.5 years) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In addition, we used immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of the vascular markers VEGF and CD31 as well as the bone formation marker ALP. Significant differences were observed in the thickness of the posterolateral region of the cortical bone in the head of the mandible (p < 0.05) as well as in the medial (p < 0.001) and posterior (p < 0.01) regions of the neck of the mandible. VEGF accumulated more in deformed heads than in heads with oval-shaped structures. ALP was found in numerous small cavities of cortical bone in oval-shaped heads. These differences may be related to dislocation caused by muscle tension or the occlusion of temporomandibular joint movement.

show abstract

Errors in bone remodeling: Toward a unified theory of metabolic bone disease

Cited by 108 publications

References 161 publications

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Biomechanical implications of mineral content and microstructural variations in cortical bone of horse, elk, and sheep calcanei

Super sizing the giants: first cartilage preservation at a sauropod dinosaur limb joint

Immunohistochemical and CBCT-based examination of differences between deformed and normal human condylar processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About