Eruption pattern of the maxillary canines: features indicating treatment needs as seen in PTG at the late mixed stage—Part II

Abstract

Aim To describe features of maxillary permanent canines in the late mixed stage as seen in panoramic radiograph (PTG) that later needed treatment to erupt into the oral cavity and to compare them with naturally erupted canines. Methods The cross-sectional part of this retrospective register-based study consisted of 1454 PTGs of children (mean age 9.3 years) living in Eastern Finland, while the longitudinal part involved patient data on 184 treated maxillary canines. The variables examined were treatment needs, overlapping and inclination of the maxillary canines, the development stage of the canines and lateral incisors and dental age. Results Only 11.6% of the maxillary canines needed treatment, including interceptive procedures. The treated canines significantly more often had overlapping (p < 0.001), larger inclination (p = 0.001) and incomplete lateral incisors (p = 0.002) than did the naturally erupted canines. The children treated significantly more often had a delayed dental age (p = 0.035). Clear overlapping was closely associated with all treatment modalities, whereas some overlapping and a large inclination angle (≥ 25°) were associated especially in cases of late treatment. An incomplete lateral incisor and delayed dental age were associated with treatment. Conclusion An association with treatment needs was found especially in the case of overlapping and a large inclination angle of the maxillary canine a couple of years before eruption into the oral cavity. These features can be early signs and indications for instant or later treatment of a maxillary canine and underline the importance of monitoring space conditions and erupting canines.

Radiological features and treatment of erupting maxillary canines in relation to the occurrence of dental developmental abnormalities

“…It has been found earlier that canine root development neither differ between normal and ectopic canines [6] nor between naturally erupting and treated canines [9]. In this study the early stage of canine root development in the DAP children can be attributed to the delayed dental age, our new finding was that advanced root development (at least two-thirds completed) occurred more often in the DAP children than in the non-DAP children.…”

“…The present report on radiological features of the maxillary permanent canines and the treatment carried out in relation to the occurrence of certain dental developmental abnormalities [17,22] is based on the same representative age cohort of DPTs as the researchers' earlier studies of maxillary canine eruption [7,9]. The overlapping of maxillary canines was found to vary significantly more in the DAP children, and these more often had either clear overlapping or no overlapping at all.…”

“…In this study the early stage of canine root development in the DAP children can be attributed to the delayed dental age, our new finding was that advanced root development (at least two-thirds completed) occurred more often in the DAP children than in the non-DAP children. A couple of years before the maxillary canines erupt into the oral cavity the development of the lateral incisors is in most cases incomplete and more often complete in girls [7,9]. Thus, a comparison of the DAP and non-DAP groups showed lateral incisor development to differ only in the boys, whereas those with DAP more often had incomplete lateral incisors.…”

“…Overlapping with the lateral incisor root and a larger mesial inclination angle of the maxillary canine are elements in the earlier stages of the eruption and development of the canines and both should be reduced if eruption is to proceed normally [5][6][7], whereas in an abnormal eruption path both will still be pronounced [6,8,9]. Root development does not differ between normally and abnormally erupting maxillary canines [6,9].…”