Erysipeloid and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Bacteremia Secondary to a Crab Stab Wound: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a facultative anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus. It is a zoonotic pathogen that rarely infects humans, but causes swine erysipelas. The disease caused by E. rhusiopathiae can manifest in three main forms: erysipeloid, diffuse cutaneous infections, and bacteremia with or without endocarditis. In this article, we present the case study of a healthy Chinese man who developed erysipeloid and an E. rhusiopathiae bloodstream infection after being stabbed by a crab. Additionally, we conducted a thorough review of the available literature on E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia within the past two decades, and provided a summary of the key findings. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial in mitigating recurrence risk and avoiding sepsis. Understanding the risk factors for death from E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia is essential, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used to prevent occupational exposure to this bacterium.