“…16 The DS AMkL cell line, CMK (established from a 1-year-old DS boy with AMkL), 17 was obtained from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures; the non-DS AMkL cell line, CMS (established from a 2-year-old non-DS girl with AMkL), 17 was a gift from Dr A. Fuse (National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan). The CMK and CMS cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% heat-inactivated iron-supplemented calf serum (Hyclone Labs, Logan, UT), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 g/mL streptomycin in a humidified atmosphere at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO 2 /95% air.…”