Erythropoietin, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 during the normal menstrual cycle

Abstract

These results indicate that menstrual blood loss does not affect the complete blood count and suggest that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor plays and important role in the mechanism of ovulation.

Hematological Modulation in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

“…Some studies showed that hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower in follicular phase than in the luteal phase 14,15 . The red blood cell count showed no statistically significant changes during the menstrual cycle 16 .The natural fluctuations in ovarian hormones during the course of the menstrual cycle influence the secretion of hormones that control the volume and content of the vascular space.…”

“…Several studies are in general agreement with the fact that the leukocyte count increased during the mid cycle and decreased during secretory phase 20 . Some studies showed no change in the number of circulating leucocytes in relation to the menstrual cycle 16 .…”

Impact of Gender and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Plasma Cytokine Concentrations

“…In vivo studies yield similarly inconsistent results. They have found unchanged plasma IL-6 [29][30][31] , increased plasma TNF-␣ in the late follicular and late luteal phase [30] , increased serum sIL-6R in the early follicular and early luteal phase, while plasma sIL-6R was found to be unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle [31] .…”

“…In vitro studies examining anti-inflammatory cytokines found both IL-4 and IL-10 to be unchanged [27,29] . In vivo studies yield similarly inconsistent results.…”

Comparative Study of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Young Healthy Women Aged 18-22 Years

“…It also stimulates production of transforming growth factor (TGF-β) which increases apoptosis of osteoclasts. Estrogen increases calcification of bone 19 .…”