The first part of this paper reviews the major achievements in the rapidly expanding field of research of individual capacity for repair of genotoxic damage. The issues of individual repair capacity are addressed from mul ple sides, analyzing the impact of the heritable components of the capacity for detoxifica on of genotoxic compounds, on the one hand (determining the risk for occurrence of DNA damage) and of the capacity for repair of DNA damage (when it has already occurred), on the other hand. The role of the capacity for repair of damage to DNA is discussed in the cons tu on of the risk for development of disease (mainly cancer, but also other common diseases and condi ons, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease) and as a major factor in the outcomes of genotoxic therapies (eligibility for therapy with specific agents, risk for severe adverse effects, post-therapeu c survival rates, etc.). The paper contains an extensive list of biomarkers (mainly DNA polymorphisms, but also enzymes and other phenotypic markers, such as markers of the capacity for self-renewal of cell popula ons) that may be poten ally applicable in the assessment of the risk for carcinogenesis or for development other types of human disease.The second part of the paper provides a brief glimpse of the basic methodology used to obtain experimental results in assessment of the efficiency of DNA repair in living cells for research and diagnos c purposes.Cita on: Chakarov S, Petkova R, Russev GCh. Individual capacity for detoxifica on of genotoxic compounds and repair of DNA damage. Commonly used methods for assessment of capacity for DNA repair.