Esaxerenone for nocturnal hypertension and possible future direction for treatment of hypertension-cardiovascular-kidney comorbidity

Cystacin C-based eGFR and Creatinine Clearance-based eGFR in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities

“…Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical diagnostic definition that comprehensively expresses pathological conditions where kidney damage or decreased kidney function persists (1) , (2) . Accumulated evidence has shown that CKD increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure (HF), as well as death (cardiorenal linkage), and CKD should be an important target for primary CVD prevention such as heart failure (3) , (4) , (5) , (6) .…”

“…Recent large-scale analysis of a Japanese real-world hospital database has shown that the presence of CKD or HF, in addition to type 2 diabetes, significantly increased mortality (7) , (8) . In addition, a large-scale cohort study of patients with CKD in Japan has reported that HF is more frequent than myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease as complications among patients with CKD (3) , (4) ; complications with a risk of acute kidney injury and cardiovascular-kidney comorbidity (i.e., cardiorenal syndrome with HF and CKD) are recent pathological features (6) .…”