ESBL-Positive Enterobacteriaceae from Dogs of Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde: A Public Health Concern

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat with an increasing expression in low- and middle-income countries such as Cape Verde. In this country, there is an overpopulation of dogs, which may facilitate the spread of resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. To clarify the role of dogs as reservoirs for the dissemination of this bacterial group, 100 rectal swab samples were collected from confined (n = 50) and non-confined (n = 50) dogs in Santiago and Boa Vista Islands, Cape Verde. These were analyzed using conventional bacteriological techniques for the detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and characterization of their pathogenic and resistance profiles. Twenty-nine samples displayed ESBL-positive bacteria, from which 48 ESBL-producing isolates were obtained and mostly identified as Escherichia coli. Multiple antimicrobial resistance indexes ranged from 0.18 to 0.70 and half of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Isolates were capable of producing relevant virulence factors, including biofilm, showing virulence indexes between 0.29 and 0.71. As such, dogs in Cape Verde may act as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, including pathogenic and zoonotic species, representing a public health concern. Although further investigation is needed, this study proposes the periodical analysis of dogs’ fecal samples to monitor resistance dissemination in the country, in a One-Health perspective.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Geese to Antimicrobials Widely Used in Veterinary Medicine

“…After determining the MIC values for each of the antibiotics and for all isolated strains, population analyses were carried out to determine the MIC 50 and MIC 90 values [ 35 ]. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated as the quotient between the number of antimicrobials to which isolates were resistant to the number of tested antimicrobials [ 36 ].…”

First Insights on Resistance and Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli from Captive Birds of Prey in Portugal

“…Swabs were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion broth and incubated for 48 h at 37 • C [30], after which bacterial suspensions were spread onto MacConkey agar (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) surface, and incubated at 37 • C for 48 h. After incubation, four lactosefermenting colonies, each surrounded by a halo of bile salt precipitation, were selected for further identification [31]. Isolates were tested using oxidase reagent swabs (VWR, Leuven, Belgium) and characterized by Gram staining.…”

Molecular epidemiology of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from companion animals attending veterinary practices in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

“…There are approximately over 200 ESBL determinants, these include blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM which are common in both companion animals and humans (Matos et al, 2023;Møller et al, 2016). Amongst these, the blaCTX-M-15 variant has been widely documented in dogs and cats (Matos et al, 2023).…”

“…There are approximately over 200 ESBL determinants, these include blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM which are common in both companion animals and humans (Matos et al, 2023;Møller et al, 2016). Amongst these, the blaCTX-M-15 variant has been widely documented in dogs and cats (Matos et al, 2023). β-Lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) such as clavulanic acid, and tazobactam, and non-Β-Lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors (NBBLIs) such as avibactam (Duval & Grare, 2019) are known to hydrolyse blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM (Lohani et al, 2019;Møller et al, 2016).…”