ESC resistance of commercial grade polycarbonates during exposure to butter and related chemicals

Kjellander, Carina Koch; Nielsen, Tenna Brandt; Ghanbari‐Siahkali, Afshin; Kingshott, Peter; Hansen, Claus Thorp; Almdal, Kristoffer

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.011

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In recent years, many researches have been studying on the ageing process of PC under particular conditions. These researchers mainly focused on the effect of UV light and heat (including photodegradation, photo‐oxidative degradation, thermal degradation, and thermoxidative degradation) in the accelerated tests,1–15 but the ageing process with complex environmental factors has not been explored. Due to the complexity of the factors, the long experimental period, the risk of uncontrollable incident in the experimental process, and the relatively high cost, the studies on the PCs outdoor ageing process are still few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the changing regularity of structure and properties of PC aged outdoor in western areas of China

Pan

Yang

Han

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As an important engineering material, polycarbonate (PC) has been used widely. When exposed to the environment, PC will have aging process, which will reduce its performance and efficiency. This article studies the changing regularities of PCs structure and properties of ageing in western areas of China by measuring the change of intrinsic viscosity (IV), thermal decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, and the groups within PC. The analysis of its IV, DSC, and thermo gravimetric analysis exhibited the same changing regularity, i.e., the aged PC (in Lasa, Yuli, and Jiangjin) experienced degradation and crosslinking, while degradation occurred earlier in the process of ageing, crosslinking predominated in later period. In addition, the results of UV absorption spectra and infrared absorption spectra showed the evidence of decomposition of the ester groups, resulting in the production of alcohol and phenol. And the results of mechanical tests indicated that the ductility disappeared mainly in the first year of outdoor aging. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the changing regularity of structure and properties of PC aged outdoor in western areas of China

Pan

Yang

Han

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…A comprehensive investigation on the type of chemicals that cause stress cracking in polymers was conducted by Hansen and coworkers. [6][7][8] They showed that the most effective fluids that act as ESC agents have a level of interaction with the polymer that is intermediate between a good solvent and a non solvent. Several types of ordinary compounds were shown to cause stress cracking, including: paints, adhesives, cleaning products, lubricants, food components, and even polymer additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Teófilo

Silva

Rabello

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Stress cracking is one of the most frequent causes of premature failure of polymers, affecting also engineering polymers like PET. In this work, the stress cracking behavior of injection moulded PET was investigated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solutions in various concentrations as active fluids. The application of mechanical load to the sample bars was done in a tensile testing machine, using the ordinary tensile test and also a relaxation procedure. The results showed that all NaOH solutions were aggressive stress cracking agents for PET, reducing mechanical properties and causing catastrophic failure with a significant surface damage. The occurrence of hydrolysis reactions was also observed when NaOH solutions were applied in combination with tensile loads, causing a reduction in molar mass of PET molecules.

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“…Essa ação, portanto, depende do nível de interação entre o polímero e o fluido. Uma investigação detalhada sobre o tipo de produtos químicos que causam stress cracking em polímeros foi realizado por Hansen e colaboradores [12][13][14] , mostrando que os fluidos que atuam como agentes de ESC têm interação intermediária com o polímero em comparação com um bom solvente e com um não solvente. Exemplos de fluidos agressivos, a depender do tipo de polímero, incluem líquidos orgânicos (solventes), óleos sintéticos e naturais, detergentes, agentes desmoldantes, plastificantes, formulações de adesivos, tintas, lubrificantes e, em casos extremos, os óleos que ocorrem naturalmente do contato da impressão digital [15] .…”

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Falha por stress cracking em híbridos PET/argila

Teófilo

Silva

et al. 2014

Polímeros

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Resumo: O presente estudo investiga a falha por stress cracking em polímeros contendo argila montmorilonítica. Ensaios de tração e de relaxação de tensão foram conduzidos para avaliar a resistência ao stress cracking do PET puro e dos híbridos PET/argila em contato com soluções aquosas de hidróxido de sódio. As análises por difratometria de raios-X evidenciaram que a argila adicionada não gerou uma estrutura esfoliada e sim a obtenção de microcompósitos. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de argila dispersa no PET causa concentração de tensão, o que exerce forte influência no comportamento de stress cracking, com os efeitos sendo afetados pela ordenação lamelar e ao teor de carga, resultando em maiores taxas de relaxação de tensão. A argila com menor regularidade no empilhamento lamelar, embora ocasione menor concentração de tensão, favorece mais o fissuramento superficial da matriz, sugerindo que o efeito de barreira ao fluido não foi efetivo. Medidas de massa molar evidenciaram que a argila acelera o ataque químico da matriz quando elevadas concentrações de solução são utilizadas, porém diminui o efeito da tensão mecânica na degradação.Palavras-chave: PET, argila, stress cracking, nanocompósitos. Stress Cracking Failure of PET/Clay CompositesAbstract: This study investigates stress-cracking failure of polymer/clay composites. Tensile and stress relaxation tests were conducted to evaluate the stress cracking resistance of PET and PET/clay in the presence of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the clay formed a typical structure of a microcomposite, and not an exfoliated structure. The presence of clay causes stress concentration, with a strong consequence to the stress cracking behavior, but the effects depend on the lamellar ordering and the content of clay. When the clay lamellae are less ordered the rise in stress concentration is lower, but causes more surface cracks on the polymer, suggesting that the barrier effect was not very effective. Molar mass measurements showed that the clay accelerates the chemical attack of the matrix when higher concentrations of NaOH are used, but reduces the effect of mechanical stress on degradation. Keywords: PET, clay, stress-cracking, nanocomposites.Autor para correspondência: Marcelo Silveira Aabello, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia de Materiais, Rua Aprigio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, IntroduçãoO poli (tereftalato de etileno) (PET) é um dos mais importantes plásticos de engenharia da atualidade, sendo um dos termoplásticos mais produzidos no mundo [1] . Apresenta uma excelente combinação de rigidez e tenacidade, alta resistência ao calor, estabilidade dimensional, capacidade de isolamento elétrico, além da possibilidade de se apresentar no estado amorfo (transparente), parcialmente cristalino e orientado (translúcido) e altamente cristalino (opaco) [2] . Entretanto, desvantagens tais como baixa taxa de cristalização e baixa temperatura de distorção térmica têm limitado suas aplicações como um plástico de engenh...

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ESC resistance of commercial grade polycarbonates during exposure to butter and related chemicals

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Study on the changing regularity of structure and properties of PC aged outdoor in western areas of China

Study on the changing regularity of structure and properties of PC aged outdoor in western areas of China

Stress cracking and chemical degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in NaOH aqueous solutions

Falha por stress cracking em híbridos PET/argila

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