ESCA studies of some niobium compounds

Characterization of novel cation-ordered compounds with fluorite and α-PbO2 related structures prepared by oxidation of Sn–Nb–O pyrochlore

“…Nb V 2 O 5 and Nb IV O 2 were selected as reference materials for Nb V and Nb IV , respectively. The 207 eV band for Nb IV O 2 was attributed to the surface oxidized Nb V [25], because XPS is sensitive to the surface. In the spectra of the precursor pyrochlore and its oxidized cation-ordered fluorite related and a-PbO 2 phases, the Nb 3d 5/2 bands were observed at w207 eV.…”

Cathodic electrodeposition of mixed molybdenum–selenium oxides

“…All of the mixed molybdenum-selenium composites deposited from À0.1 V to À1.3 V have a Se 3d doublet with binding energies around 54.9 eV and 55.7 eV indicative of selenium metal (Fig. 3a) [48]. A small signal rise above the baseline is sometimes visible at 58 or 59 eV due to higher oxidation states (+4 or +6) [49,50], but the concentration of these components within the film is very small (<1%) compared to the concentration of Se 0 .…”

Atomic layer deposition of Nb-doped ZnO for thin film transistors

“…2(c) indicates that for bulk ZnO, the O 1s CL shows 3 sub-peaks relating to (i) the oxygen atoms bonded with the nearest neighbor metal ion species (Zn-O), (ii) the oxygen atoms in the vicinity of an oxygen vacancy (labelled as O 2-deficiency peak), and (iii) surface oxygen such as O-C-O or hydroxyl groups. 19 12.5% NbZnO has these sub-peaks with the addition of a sub-peak with a BE of 530.5 eV, which we assign to the presence of an Nb-O environment confirmed by the O 1s Nb 2 O 5 peak (see supplementary material). It is evident that the O 1s CL shifts to higher binding energies with the addition of Nb from 529.5 eV to 529.9 eV as a consequence of Nb 5þ species present within the film.…”